FAST FACTS OFFICIAL NAME: Ireland FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional Democracy CAPITAL: Dublin POPULATION: 5,068,050 MONEY:. Europes continuing economic achievements are evidenced by its high standard of living and its successes in science, technology, and the arts. When it comes to geographical facts about Europe, and in particular the mountains, most people will assume that the names at the top of the list will be the famous Mont Blanc or the Matterhorn. La Boule measures 7.5 miles and is served by a lovely and ancient seaside town where many of the French elite have holiday homes. Today, this cultural wealth is used to solidify the European Community and is exported to the rest of the world as one of the continents greatest global assets.Historic CulturesIndigenous cultures shaped, and were shaped by, the varied geography of Europe. Historically, Europe has been a center of immigration. Glaciers are found in a surprisingly large number of European countries, including Iceland, Norway, Spain, France, Switzerland, Austria and Germany. The country is also home to a number of outstanding schools for automotive design, such as the Hochschule Esslingen and Hochschule Pforzheim.Political GeographyEuropes long history and economic progress have been shaped by its political geography. 7 Fun and Fashionable DIY Animal Ears That You Should Make Look like a Fashionista by Color Coordinate Your Outfits like a Pro Introverts Vs Extroverts Which One Are You. I think the same issue applies to Turkey, which unlike Russia sees itself as belonging more to Europe than Asia, politically and economically. Moose, bear, and elk (Cervus canadensis) are native to the European taiga.Just south of the taiga is a mixture of coniferous and deciduous trees, including beech, ash, poplar, and willow. They have always been called Eastern Europe which was also, always assumed to be communist and divided by the Iron Curtain. Italy is separated from the Balkans by the Adriatic Sea, and from Iberia by the Mediterranean Sea, which also separates Europe from Africa. The tallest mountain in Europe is Mount Elbrus in Russia. The northern plains are delimited in the west by the Scandinavian mountains and the mountainous parts of the British Isles. Related topics are discussed in such articles as those on religion (e.g., Judaism and Roman Catholicism) and literature (e.g., Greek literature; Dutch literature; and Spanish literature). Some critics argue these attitudes are xenophobic. The Louvre is the most visited attraction in Europe Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geology, Geography, Physical Geography. The central uplands and plateaus present distinctive landscapes of rounded summits, steep slopes, valleys, and depressions. Kazakhstan and Russia are in Asia. The western boundary is the Atlantic Ocean. 0. The population within the standard physical geographical boundaries was 701 million in 2005 according to the United Nations. Europe's shape is in a constant change: The Mediterranean basin is shrinking, the Alps are rising and pushing North, and Scandinavia is still rebounding after having been crushed by the weight of a thick and huge ice sheet in the ice ages. The Volga River in Russia is Europe's longest river. It's a multi-lingual continent. It is 1733 meters (5,686 feet) deep and is located near the Swiss and Italian borders, in the area of the Savoy Alps close to the village of Samoens. The low starting elevation makes the Volga a slow flowing river. Ireland is an island nation on the westernmost edge of Europe. Latin, the language of Rome, evolved into French in the western region, and Italian in the south. The program has provided a lasting economic boost to cities and regions, raised their international profiles, and enhanced their images in the eyes of their own inhabitants.Each year, two or three cities are chosen to produce a year-long program of cultural events. The financial and diplomatic success of the EU has led to its rapid growth across the continent.The euro is one of the strongest currencies in the world. In partitioning the globe into meaningful large geographic units, therefore, most modern geographers treated the former Soviet Union as a distinct territorial entity, comparable to a continent, that was somewhat separate from Europe to the west and from Asia to the south and east; that distinction has been maintained for Russia, which constituted three-fourths of the Soviet Union. The 15 rivers of Europe by average discharge, including only rivers directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins: Aegean Islands, land, Balearic Islands, Corsica, Crete, Cyprus (Adjacent to Asia), Fyn, Faroe Islands, Gotland, Great Britain, Hinnya, Iceland, Ionian Islands, Ireland, Malta, North Jutlandic Island, Saaremaa, Sardinia, Senja, Sicily, Svalbard and Zealand. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. This is a main theme of The Odyssey, an epic poem written by Homer, in which these key elements of the sea both help and hurt the hero.Other cultures developed around the unique resources at their disposal. Europe pushing for lunar time zone, Italy migrant tragedy death toll over 60; dozens missing, World shares mixed after slight gains on Wall Street, Sun, wind aplenty, Spain vies to lead EU in green hydrogen. Xenophobia is an intense dislike or fear of people from other places or cultures.Two events demonstrate this debate. About a quarter of marine mammals are threatened.Today, around 15 percent of Europe's animal species are threatened or endangered, mainly by habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation, and competition from invasive species. Geographically, Turkey forms a natural land bridge between the old world continents of Asia, Africa and Europe. As part of an international agreement signed at the conference, all 27 member states of the European Union agreed to reduce carbon emissions by 20 percent by 2020 (from 1990 levels).The EU also notified the UN of a conditional offer to increase this cut to 30 percent, provided that other major emitters agree to take on their fair share of a global reduction effort. This conditional offer illustrates the tension that was present at the conference between developed countries high carbon emissions and developing countries low or rising carbon use. Even though the country borders have been redrawn since the Soviet days, the continental borders never have. The city is home to the headquarters of luxury brands such as Valentino, Gucci, Versace, and Prada. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). This is the largest landlocked country in the world. The program highlights Europes rich cultural diversity, celebrates its cultural ties, and brings people of different European backgrounds together. Of the top 10 largest lakes in Europe, 6 are in Russia, although 1 partly sits in Estonia. These journeys varied in length, depending on the migration patterns of specific reindeer herds. Editor of, Professor of Geography, Birkbeck College, University of London, 194770. The population of the City of Brussels is ~175,000. (South of Northern Ireland is the separate country of Ireland, which gained its independence from the U.K. in 1937.) That civilization is distinguished from the rest of Europe by legacies of a medieval Mongol-Tatar domination that precluded the sharing of many of the innovations and developments of European Western civilization; it became further distinctive during the relative isolation of the Soviet period. The study also showed that only 8 percent of respondents considered language-learning unimportant.The European Union has adopted a multilingual language policy with the goal that everyone should be able to speak at least two languages in addition to their own. Around 400 CE, the Alemanni, a Germanic tribe, invaded present-day northern Switzerland. The five most spoken native languages in Europe are Russian, German, French English, Turkish and Italian. Longest beach The longest beach in Ireland is a continuous 20km stretch of sand in County Wexford connecting Cahore Point to The Raven Point. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. The climate supports a wide variety of seasonal crops. The Brde (German: edge) belt lies at the northern foot of the Central European Uplands and the Carpathians. Indented by numerous bays, fjords, and seas, continental Europes highly irregular coastline is about 24,000 miles (38,000 km) long. The greater part of Europe, however, combines low elevation with low relief. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. The gods could both reward and punish travelers and traders with favorable or unfavorable sea conditions. Regional climatic contrasts nevertheless exist: oceanic, Mediterranean, and continental types occur widely, as do gradations from one to the other. The two largest peninsulas are mainland Europe and Scandinavia to the north, divided from each other by the Baltic Sea. All in all, Europe enjoys a considerable and long-exploited resource base of soil, forest, sea, and minerals (notably coal), but its people are increasingly its principal resource. The major peninsula of Scandinavia is mostly upland and highland, with its relief greatest at the descent to the Norwegian fjords and the sea; eastward and southward the seas are approached more gently. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). The Holocaust was the mass murder of Jews under the Nazi regime. This map shows the physical features of Europe, surrounding lands, and offshore areas. Glaciation is the process of land being transformed by glaciers or ice sheets. By the 7th and 8th centuries, Sweden was known for its trade but in the 9th century, the Vikings raided the region and much of Europe. It has been somewhat problematical to pin down the biggest glacier in Europe because biggest is open to interpretation of length, depth and width, plus they can change quite dramatically in a short space of time. 5. geography of Scandinavia facts. Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. Mountain ranges, such as the Alps and the Carpathian mountains, have a highland climate with large variations according to altitude and latitude. France is known for being a world power and has been an economic and cultural center of Europe for hundreds of years. For discussion of individual countries of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Italy, Poland, and United Kingdom. You cannot download interactives. The nation of Germany was divided in two. The financial crisis is defined by debt and high unemployment. The Netherlands is bordered by Germany in the east; and Belgium in the south. Trees also grow in that southernmost region, including the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis), cypress, and cork oak (Quercus suber). If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. The European Union has established the Schengen Areaa zone where Europeans can travel from country to country without having to show their passports. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Those highland areas include lands of abundant rainfallwhich supplies hydroelectricity and water to industrial citiesand provide summer pastures for cattle. The highest peaks in those ranges are Mount Corno (9,554 feet [2,912 metres]) in the Abruzzi Apennines, Bobotov Kuk (8,274 feet [2,522 metres]) in the Dinaric Alps, Mount Botev (7,795 feet [2,376 metres]) in the Balkan Mountains, Gerlachovsk Peak (Gerlach; 8,711 feet [2,655 metres]) in the Western Carpathians, and Mount Moldoveanu (8,346 feet [2,544 metres]) in the Transylvanian Alps. Certain countries and regions have even developed an identity or branding focused on specific products and exports.Scandinavian design, for instance, is primarily focused on fashion and home wares. Four broad topographic units can be simply, yet usefully, distinguished in the continent of Europe. You cannot download interactives. More than 200 languages are spoken in Europe. The landlocked countries in Europe are: Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kosovo, Liechtenstein (which is doubly landlocked), Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Moldova, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Vatican City. Desert climates are found in the European portion of Kazakhstan and South Eastern Spain. 5 x Fun Facts about Europe The longest town name in Europe is Lanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogo, in Wales The Czech Republic is the most beer-drinking country per capita There are more UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe than any other continent in the world The highest toilet can be found at Mount Blanc Larger only than Australia, it is a small appendage of Eurasia. Europe's eastern frontier is usually delineated by the Ural Mountains in Russia, which is the largest country by land area in the continent. The debate surrounding the cartoons also intensified strained relations between the Islamic world and the West.In 2010, the French government dismantled illegal immigrant camps throughout France. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europes physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Today, Europe is home to the citizens of Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland), and Vatican City.Cultural GeographyEurope has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. The worn-down Ural Mountains also belong in that category, and their highest point, Mount Narodnaya (6,217 feet [1,895 metres]), corresponds approximately to that of the Massif Central in south-central France. Traders and travelers also reported that the Europe beyond Greece possessed distinctive physical units, with mountain systems and lowland river basins much larger than those familiar to inhabitants of the Mediterranean region. By supporting this policy, the European Union hopes it will strengthen social, educational, professional, and economic ties in Europe and make the continent more competitive in global markets.Europes cultural products also help unify the region. The goals of the program are local, regional, and global. The geology of Europe is hugely varied and complex, and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the continent, from the Scottish Highlands to the rolling plains of Hungary. The Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles conclude the Asian boundary. A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. CORDIS website requires JavaScript enabled in order to work properly. It was a barbarian worldthat is, a non-Greek one, with its inhabitants making bar-bar noises in unintelligible tongues. It is characterized by simple, minimalist design and low-cost mass production. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. It happens to be the longest river in Europe and covers 3,692 km/ 2,295 miles long. The Netherlands is a country located in Northwestern Europe. Understanding Europe's Topography. The language survives in Switzerland because of the remote location of its native speakers.Contemporary CulturesEuropes rich and diverse cultural heritage continues to flourish today. These countries included Greece, Ireland, Spain, and Portugal. Land relief in Europe shows great variation within relatively small areas. European Commission: European Capital of Culture. Volcanic rocks add to the diversity of those regions. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. Kazakhstan. 21,946 km 2 (8,473 sq mi) Georgia is a country in the Caucasus region, on the coast of the Black Sea. This region is sparsely populated except in the Rhine, Rhne, Elbe, and Danube river valleys.Alpine MountainsThe Alpine Mountains include ranges in the Italian and Balkan peninsulas, northern Spain, and southern France. The North European Plain extends across the country's northern reaches; this flat, lowland terrain is dissected by . Projects are meant to stay a part of the city after 2011some pieces of sculpture may be used for athletics, for instance. Europe's population is 741.4 million people. In 2005, the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 cartoons featuring Islamic subjects. By the end of the war, the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires collapsed and broke into a dozen separate nations. She or he will best know the preferred format. Critics argue the move was racist.Future IssuesAn important predictor of Europes political and economic future is its efforts to minimize the effects of climate change.Europe is often seen as a world leader in environmentally friendly technologies and legislation. Actually, geographically Russia and former Soviet republics are Europe and always have been. These camps were mostly populated by Roma, also called Gypsies. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Greater Milan is the largest Metropolitan Area in Italy. Europe is the second-smallest continent, but the third-largest in population. Can you think of anything notable you think I should have included? It borders nine neighbors, more than any other European country. Topography and bathymetry are shown in a combination of color with shaded relief. The other landlocked countries are "standalone" landlocked, not bordering any other such European one (the emphasis is necessary, since Kazakhstan borders Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan, thus forming a vast landlocked expanse in Central Asia). Flourishing immigrant communities are bringing in new languages to the continent, including Arabic, Hindi, and Mandarin.A 2006 European study showed that 53 percent of respondents could speak a second language, while 28 percent could speak two foreign languages. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south (west to east) by the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Kuma-Manych Depression, and the Caspian Sea. The word democracy has Greek roots: demos-, meaning people, and -kratos, meaning power. Prominent Greek philosophers, such as Socrates and Plato, discussed democratic ideals in their writings. The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with . It is geographically positioned both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. Other European islands are much smaller. The highest points reached in Norway and Sweden are, respectively, Galdh Peak (8,100 feet [2,469 metres]) and Mount Kebne (6,926 feet [2,111 metres]). Encyclopedic entry. This rescue package has caused tensions to rise between economically competitive countries and the indebted countries that they are helping to rescue. A small troop of Barbary macaques lives on the tiny island of Gibraltar, between Spain and the African country of Morocco.The waters surrounding Europe are home to a number of organisms, including fish, seaweeds, marine mammals, and crustaceans. Por favor, active JavaScript. The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Copenhagen, Denmark. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. Si prega di abilitare JavaScript. Lesotho (landlocked within South Africa), is the only other country in the world surrounded entirely by another country. Social Sci LibreTexts - Introduction to Europe, National Geographic - Europe: Physical Geography, Europe - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Europe - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), China says EU TikTok ban will harm business confidence, What time is it on moon? The euro is the second-most popular currency (behind the American dollar) and is used daily by more than 320 million people. Among the struggling economies that may suffer from carbon emission limits are Romania, Bulgaria, and Moldova.Thus, it seems that Europes historic disparities between north and south, west and east, will continue to widen in the future. Europes eastern boundary, however, is not a cultural, political, or economic discontinuity on the land comparable, for example, to the insulating significance of the Himalayas, which clearly mark a northern limit to South Asian civilization. This includes Morriscastle and Ballinesker beaches. Glaciation too has left its mark over wide areas, and the processes of erosion and deposition have created a highly variegated and compartmentalized countryside. Been a center of Europe, surrounding lands, and depressions of, of! 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