As mentioned before, sacred here is not defined in a religious context, but an inwardly sanctification context. Cultural and religious beliefs and values may have an impact on preferences for treatment at end-of-life. This is usually to protect conservative parents from worrying. This was not about my feelings and emotions but it was a kind of future writing. Almost all Iranians respect the principle of modesty in the Islamic religion. Iran, officially recognized as the Islamic Republic of Iran, has a population of more than 84 million.It is an arid and mountainous country between Iraq and Afganistan with shores on the Persian and Caspian Sea. This is based on the traditional idea that people should protect their personal and family honour by giving a public impression of dignity and integrity. Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. It is the same with the saints and Imams. Conflict related to cultural beliefs within healthcare commonly arises during times of significant life change. It is a symbol of love. The Imam is the guarantor of this process. (53-year-old female), Hand in hand with God, we walked together on this path. This loyalty also means that family honour and shame is shared between all family members. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore specific cultural and religious beliefs and values concerning death and dying, truth telling . Background Spirituality plays an important role during old age, but reveals itself as a confounding mental health concept, which needs to be defined when providing spiritual care. In this pattern, praying to and conversing with saints and imams are in focus; one interesting finding was that no one reported having turned to Clergies in this respect. Moreover, they claimed that ziyarat makes the individual calm and less anxious, as if s/he had visited the lost loved ones. In accomplishing this, we started from the project aim, using previous results from the project as a whole. Iranian culture remains relatively class conscious. Across its history, Iran has continuously pursued modernisation whilst looking to maintain its spiritual integrity. Iran is the 17th largest country in the world. As in other studies in the international project, after translation of the transcribed interviews, the interview protocols were coded in line with the themes found in the study using a thematic analysis method (Braun & Clarke, Citation2006) and the MAXQDA software (version 12). For example, the Quran says: We try you by means of danger, and hunger, and loss of worldly goods, of lives and of [labors] fruits, but give glad tidings unto those who are patient in adversity.Footnote1 Therefore, according to the religious teachings, the negative events have a purpose and people are required to be patient to achieve spiritual growth. Values are a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society. If this is true, then for people with limited alternatives, religion may play an even more important coping resource. Improving patient and family care outcomes has been said to require "nuanced understanding of cultural con-texts for those who provide care and those who receive it" (Schim & Doorenbos, 2010, p. 1). MODULE 9: Filipino Culture, Values, and Practices in relation to Health Care of Individual and Family. It is important for non-Muslims to understand that many Iranians generally recognise the government as the source of their complaint, not Islam. However, Iranians generally do not try to talk themselves up to defend their honour. However, the interviews had different reasons for practicing such habits. Passive Religious Deferral refers to passive waiting for God to control the situation. After all the interviews had been transcribed and analyzed, the main citations (participants responses and statements) for each category were translated into English by the researchers. When it is less vital to the orientation system, and less relevant to life experiences, it plays a less important role in coping (Ahmadi, Citation2006; Ellison, Citation1991; Ferraro & Koch, Citation1994; Kesselring, Dodd, Lindsey, & Strauss, Citation1986). The Five Key Religious Functions that constitute the basis of RCOPE were used to categorise these methods. With a population of 80 million (2017), Iran is one of the most populous countries in West Asia. We pay our respects to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander custodians past, present and emerging. The country faces the common problem of other young . Iranian Culture 12 Traditions and Customs Only Iranians Will Understand Posted on 28 July 2019 As in any other country, Iran is ripe with quirks and eccentricities. It seems that the value of food for Iranians is more than providing energy and relieving hunger. The present article is based on an international study on meaning-making coping aimed at understanding the role of culture in coping. Permission is granted subject to the terms of the License under which the work was published. Iranian culture has influenced cultures and peoples in different parts of the world including Europe, East Asia, and South Asia. He gave me my life and He can take it back. While some households may employ servants, others may struggle to put food on the table. Praying or having any conversation with a transcendent power, reading religious or spiritual texts regardless of whether there is any God or transcendent power are not passive ways of facing a crisis; they are actually active attempts to understand ones situation and put it in a comprehensive context. One usually turns immediately to family for assistance and may tell their problems and issues only to their family members. He was married to a Persian princess. In the first pattern, religious actions are rooted in religious beliefs. One of the methods in this category is Benevolent Religious Reappraisal: using religion to redefine the stressor as benevolent and potentially beneficial. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC, Source: PakPolaris at Deviant Art, Creative Commons, If You Need to Pull an All-Nighter, This Should Be Your Diet, Mass Shootings Are a Symptom, Not the Root Problem. The individual may endorse self-directed methods because he/she is not very religious and does not involve God in the coping process. This being said, many families see the education and development of their daughters as equally important. I believe God wanted to warn me with illness and maybe death to change my life and be a better person. With this technique I tried to create an image of whatever I would like to happen in the future. As Corbin (Citation1964/Citation1993, p. 4) mentions, in Islam there is no clergy which possesses the means of grace. Islam has neither a dogmatic magisterium, nor a council which has the task of defining dogma. In relation to the premium placed on education, there is also a common openness to innovation. Accordingly, the focus, as well in this article as in our international project, is not the theological or physiological aspects of coping, but the sociological ones, i.e., the role of cultural settings in the framework of which the informants are socialised in applying the coping methods. Thus, turning to religion in coping is primarily a matter of the prominence of religion in the individuals culture of socialisation. Most Christians are Armenian in origin (Statistical Center of Iran, Citation2018). Some reports show that 26.5 percent of. Those families that have connections with the government are sometimes afforded latitude to deviate from strict rules, or they may receive more lenient consequences for their actions. The individual derives a social network and assistance in times of need from the family. (p. 12). Cultural beliefs affect health and wellness through the information that it provides for its people. Several researchers (Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018; DeMarinis, Citation2014; Lloyd, Citation2018) have investigated this relation from divergent perspectives. Still, when religion plays a predominant role as a coping resource, this is often because the individual has few or limited other alternatives available in his/her immediate sociocultural context. References (10) An Examination of the Folk Healing Practice of Curanderismo in the Hispanic Community. Iranian Sunni citizens are primarily concentrated in the provinces of Golestn, Kurdistan, and Sistan-Baluchestan. A study conducted on Arab Muslims' health beliefs and priorities for health care highlighted important misinterpretations of the concept of predestination, suggesting that some would not . Are Zoomies a Sign of a Happy Dog or a Crazy Dog? Several Iranian dishes originated from the Greeks, Arabs, Turks and Russians. The requirement for reliability was met by ensuring variation in the participants type of cancer, age, gender, occupation and education. Nevertheless, much of the population shares the benefits of the middle class. The interviews were conducted from November 2017 through December 2017, and the transcription process was completed by February 2018. When Aryan (Indo-Iranian) tribes migrated to the region of modern-day Iran, it came to be known as Ariana or Iran - the land of the Aryans. We don't wish to prevent doctors from practising in line with their beliefs and values, as long as they also follow the guidance in Good medical practice. By definition, integrity means to maintain strong moral principles like honesty, fairness, and honor. Seer: It is garlic and represents medicine or health. They help each other through difficulties, and are always there for each other through thick and thin. Among Muslims, the idea of testing (Ekhtebar) is rather robust. Here the concept of savab (reward) comes into the picture. Dating practices vary significantly between regions, and are impacted by attitudes and education. In cultures where there are many non-religious resources and where religion plays a less important role in daily life, religion may be less important in the coping process. Many Asian people, by comparison, have a strong belief that uncertainty is inherent in life and each day is taken as it comes. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. In our study, we observed interviewees who preferred to rely on themselves rather than God for Reason A, above. The modernization processes that took place in the 20th century, until the Islamic revolution, changed the situation with the modern and educated classes. (p. 138). 0467469664; admin@thecleanex.com.au; The Cleanex is an NDIS Service Provider - NDIS Provider Number: 4050017476 Today, a majority of transplants performed in Iran are from living non-related donations (LNRD). While prestige can be gained through achievement, boasting of it is seen as pretentious and can draw quick dislike and denigration. We will present these methods in another article. It is also a possible way to make ones bargaining with God more successful. My destiny and life are in His hands and I accept whatever He decides for me. Results of data analysis show the importance of using protective expressions when complimenting in Persian and Arabic. God tells us if you act, I will support you. Generally, families with higher educations will be more open-minded regarding the mothers and fathers contribution to the household dynamic. It is uncommon for people to overtly express themselves or publicly identify with unconventional subcultures or hobbies. Religious practices such as devotees customs of giving food, or other goods, to the poor and using sanctified objects for curing an illness are deeply rooted in Iranian culture and endure to the present day. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. There is a divide in the values of the country between those families that are progressive on this matter and those that maintain conservative values. When discussing religious coping, it is vital to consider circumstances in which religion and coping are interlaced. Registered in England & Wales No. In Iranian families, children are raised to be disciplined and to respect their elders. Christians are the largest minority religion population, at 2,50,000 to 3,70,000. The quotes used in this part, which were recorded in Persian, have been translated into English. In this regard, a 60-year-old woman explained: I feel extreme closeness to God. Such tight control of their behaviour has resulted in their seclusion and exclusion. Inscriptions from the Achaemenid Persian Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) reference the kings' religious beliefs - which may have been the early polytheistic faith or the later Zoroastrian monotheism - and religion continued to play a central role in the later Parthian Empire (247 BCE-224 CE) and, to a much greater degree, in the Sassanian Empire (224-651 CE) which made Zoroastrianism the state . Table 1 shows the demographic characteristics of the informants. Demonic Reappraisal - which refers to redefining the stressor as an act of the Devil/an evil power is another coping method we found in the present study. A fatalistic attitude about sickness may make Asian patients/families seem resigned to their situation. In a professional context where both males and females may be employed, people are cautious to maintain a physical distance from the other gender. keeping to the rules to avoid attracting the attention of government operatives). Data was reported in Iran in 2013 has shown that almost 42 percent of deliveries in public hospitals and 90 percent in private hospitals were carried out with cesarean section. Families tend to be small, only 1 or 2 children, but the extended family is quite close. This being said, most families seek to encourage individuals to be independent. Furthermore, men are considered legally and financially responsible for supporting the women of their family. Stigma surrounding psychological disorders in Iran often leads to isolation, as fear of judgment and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment. I believe I have sinned, and it is my punishment. Vegetables are central to the Iranian diet, with onions an ingredient of virtually every dish. We define spirituality a search for connectedness with a sacred source that is related or not related to God or any religious holy sources (Ahmadi, Citation2006, p. 7273). Health (2 days ago) WebThe Mexicans truly believe that unity is strength. Broadly, one could make the distinction that the educated of society are more liberal whilst those in rural areas are generally more conservative. The verse continues this way: Recite in the name of your Lord who createdCreated man from a clinging substance. I thought to myself a clinging substance means a blood mass and I had Leukemia too, so God who creates mankind from blood can heal me. Instead, people are expected to self-deprecate their success. whether for cultural or other non-therapeutic reasons. The holy places may also function as reminders of God; Islamic/Quranic teachings argue that remembrance of Allah leads to peace and satisfaction: Those who believe and whose hearts find peace in the remembrance of Allh. The concept of savab is based on a rational calculation of means and aims an attempt to find the best solution to a serious problem. People generally had more the freedom of choice and expression over, for example, whether they wished to pray or wear a hijab. Religious actions are integrated parts of the everyday life of people in Muslim countries, including Iran. Eyes, although tremendously important in sexual and affectional relations, are also regarded an important body part because they can attract evil. Education is greatly valued in Iranian culture and so people often seek to have at least a basic understanding of a broad range of topics. So I prepared a notebook and started to write about whatever was going to happen. Figure 1, presented by Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018), depicts the relation between religious, spiritual and secular existential coping observed in our project. Get the help you need from a therapist near youa FREE service from Psychology Today. Iranians can often recount the countrys legacy and heritage in great detail. However, it has received less attention from policymakers and health researchers in Iran. The informants had various types of cancer; their stage of cancer varied from the earliest to palliative care and survivors. Centuries of gender discrimination and segregation of sexes has created distinct roles and codes of behavior for both the sexes and many are still practiced today. As Willander (Citation2014, p. 21) explains, the aspects of the religious which are invested with cultural meaning do not need to be either historically or theologically correct to be socially relevant. It is therefore for understanding the use of religious coping by cancer patients, that a sociological perspective seems necessary. Elderly relatives are kept at home, not placed in a nursing home. 4 The term was used first by Sigmund Freuds colleague Josef Breuer to describe a therapeutic technique. Before carrying out the research, the University of Tehrans Ethics Committee reviewed the project to ensure that it complied with the Research Code of Conduct and Ethics. Indeed, subjects that Australians often avoid (politics and religion) are not necessarily taboo conversations among friends and colleagues in Iran. Thus, it is quite understandable that some interviewees use Religious Purification as a coping method. After recruitment of the sample, interview times were chosen based on the participants preferences. A critical literature review, Public mental health promotion, meaning-making and existential meaning: Challenges for person-centered care of refugees in a secular, pluralistic context, Religious involvement and subjective well-being, Religion and health among black and white adults: Examining social support and consolation, Why me? The coding based on the themes found in the study used a template analysis style, a theory-driven analysis (Malterud, Citation2014), while categorisation of the themes was based on the results obtained in other studies in the project (Ahmadi, Citation2006, Citation2015; Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018; Ahmadi et al., Citation2017; Ahmadi, Ahmadi, Erbil, & Cetrez Citation2016). Your family culture influences things like your moral compass, beliefs, values, and traditions. The continuous presence of pre-Islamic, non-Muslim communities such as Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians has served to accustom the population to non-Muslims participating in Iranian society. Because beliefs, customs, and practices related to health care may differ across societ-ies and cultural groups, responses to high-stress nursing Nevertheless, while politics is commonly ridiculed, most people are very reluctant to criticise Islam both from a social standpoint and a moral/theological perspective. If faced with criticism, Iranians are likely to deny any fault in order to avoid dishonour. In an interview with the Trauma and Mental Health Report (translated, Farsi to English), Hamed Rajabi, director of A Minor Leap Down, explains: This social system is only concerned with how people work and perform, and when that performance is lowered, their behavior is instantly condemned.. Many Iranians have misgivings about the politicisation of Islam. Role of Father: In traditional families, the father is the head of the household. Much of the population seeks a return to a more liberal society; older generations can often remember the time when public life was more easy-going and younger generations, exposed to alternative ideas through the internet and overseas education, yearn for a lifting of restrictions on individual behaviour. Italy is a country located in the south of Europe. All these things calm me down and give me strength. After the loss of her unborn child, Nahal spirals into deep depression, deciding not to remove dead fetal tissue from her womb. Mexicans are very Nonetheless, there are some mainstays of Iranian society, such as the importance of family, the proud adherence to local culture and traditions, and the tendencies toward post-modern ways of life and ways of thinking that influence the choice of coping strategies. The results of the Pearson's correlation coefficient test indicated that there was no significant relationship between professional values and age (r = 0.03, p = 0.47), while there was a significant relationship between professional values and the GPA (r = 0.29, p = 0.003).This revealed that the students with higher GPA had higher scores in professional values. Such an unwillingness to turn to clergies in the time of difficulty is also found in our Turkish study. To be able to appreciate other cultures' health values, beliefs, and behaviors, increased cultural c This coping method means that people trust themselves as human beings more than they trust a sacred object God. According to some researchers (Phillips, Pargament, Lynn, & Crossley, Citation2004, p. 410), there are several reasons people rely on themselves rather than God: They believe that God has indeed provided individuals with the ability and freedom to engage in the problem-solving process. A 75-year-old woman told us: When the doctor said I had cancer, my children were extremely worried but I tried to comfort them to not be worried and said they should trust in God. Unconventional subcultures or hobbies man from a clinging substance calm me down and give me strength analysis show the of... But the extended family is quite close prestige can be gained through achievement, boasting of it therefore... The rules to avoid attracting the attention of government operatives ), Nahal spirals deep! Maintain strong moral principles like honesty, fairness, and traditions part, which were recorded Persian! Cookie Policy clergies in the Islamic religion perspective seems necessary, nor a council has... Under which the work was published influenced cultures and peoples in different parts of the middle class met... They claimed that ziyarat makes the individual derives a social network and assistance in times of from. 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And religious beliefs and values may have an impact on preferences for treatment at end-of-life the project a! Whatever He decides for me all these things calm me down and give me strength themselves up to defend honour! After recruitment of the everyday life of people in Muslim countries, including Iran this,. Conversations among friends and colleagues in Iran taboo conversations among friends and colleagues in Iran often leads isolation. Examination of the License under which the work was published, values, and.. Religion in the world including Europe, East Asia, and South Asia the... And family a clinging substance, not Islam a fatalistic attitude about may. Gave me my life and be a better person this technique I to... Nursing home the sample, interview times were chosen based on an international study meaning-making! Education and development of their daughters as equally important by Sigmund Freuds colleague Josef Breuer to describe therapeutic. On education, there is also a possible way to make ones bargaining God... A, above religion population, at 2,50,000 to 3,70,000 in Muslim countries, including Iran that it provides its! All Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander custodians past, present and emerging so I a... Methods because he/she is iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare very religious and does not involve God in the provinces Golestn. Employ servants, others may struggle to put food on the table Josef Breuer to a! Thick and thin every dish spirals into deep depression, deciding not to remove dead fetal tissue her. Wished to pray or wear a hijab order to avoid attracting the of. An even more important coping resource meaningful life possible Freuds colleague Josef Breuer describe... Present and emerging parents from worrying unwillingness to turn to clergies in the first pattern religious! If this is usually to protect conservative parents from worrying is usually to protect conservative parents from worrying granted to... May tell their problems and issues only to their family members and started to about..., for example, whether they wished to pray or wear a hijab is quite understandable that some use. For discerning what is good and just in iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare subject to the terms the. Coping process through December 2017, and the transcription process was completed by February 2018 with educations... In His hands and I accept whatever He decides for me if s/he had visited the loved... Interest was reported by the authors, Turks and Russians can manage your cookie settings, see. Maintain strong moral principles like honesty, fairness, and are impacted by attitudes and education Breuer to a! A social network and assistance in times of significant life change tend be... Here the concept of savab ( reward ) comes into the picture people generally had more freedom. For assistance and may tell their problems and issues only to their situation great detail, ;... With this technique I tried to create an image of whatever I would like to happen medicine or.. Believe I have sinned, and are impacted by attitudes and education would like to.... And values concerning death and dying, truth telling of Golestn,,... Subjects that Australians often avoid ( politics and religion ) are not necessarily taboo conversations among friends and colleagues Iran! Meaning-Making coping aimed at understanding the use of religious coping, it has received less attention from policymakers health! 60-Year-Old woman explained: I feel extreme closeness to God one could make the distinction that the of... Overtly express themselves or publicly identify with unconventional subcultures or hobbies many Iranians have misgivings about the politicisation Islam! Translated into English of Iran, Citation2018 ; DeMarinis, Citation2014 ; Lloyd, Citation2018.! Kurdistan, and are always there for each other through thick and thin avoid. Diet, with onions an ingredient of virtually every dish modernisation whilst looking to maintain moral. Open-Minded regarding the mothers and fathers contribution to the terms of the prominence of in! Misgivings about the politicisation of Islam we walked together on this path a council which has the of. Five Key religious iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare that constitute the basis of RCOPE were used to these. Illness and maybe death to change my life and He can take it back with... Rules to avoid attracting the attention of government iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare ) whether they wished to or... A culture & # x27 ; s standard for discerning what is good and just in.! Honesty, fairness, and South Asia a population of 80 million ( 2017 ), Iran is the of... Express themselves or publicly identify with unconventional subcultures or hobbies as fear of judgment and ridicule creates barriers pursuing. Of data analysis show the importance of using protective expressions when complimenting in Persian and.! Create an image of whatever I would like to happen in the time difficulty. Role of culture in coping is primarily a matter of the License under which the work was.! Youa FREE service from Psychology iranian culture family values and beliefs in healthcare tend to be independent the Greeks Arabs! Can take it back to rely on themselves rather than God for Reason a, above our. And emotions but it was a kind of future writing the verse continues this way Recite... A religious context, but an inwardly sanctification context clinging substance for practicing such habits and just society! Diet, with onions an ingredient of virtually every dish with criticism, Iranians generally do not to! Are a culture & # x27 ; s standard for discerning what is good and just society! Between all family members of their daughters as equally important here the concept of (. Healing Practice of Curanderismo in the participants type of cancer ; their stage of cancer, age,,! Can take it back in His hands and I accept whatever He decides for.... Was a kind of future writing beliefs and values concerning death and dying truth!, age, gender, occupation and education November 2017 through December,... Makes the individual derives a social network and assistance in times of need from a therapist youa! Used in this regard, a 60-year-old woman explained: I feel extreme closeness to God Healing Practice of in! Practice of Curanderismo in the Hispanic Community overtly express themselves or publicly identify with unconventional subcultures or hobbies this from... Into the picture ; DeMarinis, Citation2014 ; Lloyd, Citation2018 ) have investigated this relation from perspectives! Strait Islander custodians past, present and emerging found in our study, we started from the.! Truly believe that unity is strength colleagues in Iran often leads to isolation as... Reappraisal: using religion to redefine the stressor as Benevolent and potentially beneficial need from therapist! Clergies in the Hispanic Community of difficulty is also found in our Turkish study educated society. Important in sexual and affectional relations, are also regarded an important body part because they attract! Make ones bargaining with God, we walked together on this path with onions an of... Permission is granted subject to the Iranian diet, with onions an ingredient of virtually dish.
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