what are the basic assumptions of parole quizletwhat are the basic assumptions of parole quizlet

In Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, Vol. In Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, Vol. A request to the court to repeal, nullify, or overturn a decision. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. For example, Georgia has developed a correctional boot camp for technical violators of supervision. What else do parole release mechanisms do? Copyright 2003-2023 Correctional Population in the United States, 1995. Once the child is full grown, shoe size remains constant. To monitor sentencing guidelines and judicial departures from guidelines, In states that use _________, the sentence for a first-degree felony could be incarceration for five to 99 years or five to 10 years on probation. ISP's goals are primarily incapacitation and deterrence through the intensive regulation and monitoring of offenders' whereabouts and conduct, and corresponding increased threat of detection and strict enforcement of consequences in event of violations. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. What is this known as? It refers to a person's relapse into criminal behavior, often after the person receives sanctions or undergoes intervention for a previous crime. 1) secure and sanitary \text{Cash}\hspace{5pt} \ &\ _______ are community-based punishments that offer graduated levels of supervision. After a period of supervision in the community, the bailed offenders returned to court armed with Augustus's sentencing recommendations. Some parolees have a family they can stay with, but others must stay in housing that is developed for them and other parolees. Little/no pre-release planning to ensure parolee has a job/housing/support The offenders on parole should follow a strict set of rules to stay away from the trouble. . What aspects of Pablo Neruda's life made him a famous poet throughout the world? The decision to grant parole is usually based on a review of the individual offender's case file (including the PSI) and an interview with the inmate. subculture Once an offender is convicted, the probation officer prepares a presentence investigation report (PSI). https://www.encyclopedia.com/law/legal-and-political-magazines/probation-and-parole-history-goals-and-decision-making, Sentencing: Mandatory and Mandatory Minimum Sentences. This year, the firm handled 112,000112,000112,000 deliveries with 969696 drivers. The PSI report is used to identify mitigating circumstances allowing a judge to pronounce an alternate sentence. Court opinions as well as state statutes generally affirm that the overarching purpose of probation is rehabilitation (Brilliant). . Cromwell, P. F., and Del Carmen, R. V. Community-Based Corrections. What % are in the methods of release from state prisons? They must assess the level of risk offenders present to the public safety and make recommendations to the court about the appropriate sentence. As a result, feelings of vulnerability to crime were intensified. Augustus, John. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth, 1999. Which probation supervision style focuses on the probation officer as both a therapeutic agent and a rule enforcer? Amanda is considered a typical female probationer. 2.) According to federal rules, the PSI report can be withheld from the defendant if _________, disclosure might disrupt the defendant's rehabilitation. [CDATA[ Montclair, N.J.: Patterson Smith, 1972. \hspace{130pt}\textbf{Income for Years Ended}\\ The population grows at a constant rate g. Therefore, the current population (represented by N) and future population (represented by N') are linked through the population growth equation N' = N (1+g). Which of the following is an argument in favor of mandatory release? Crime and Delinquency 36, no. The violators are required to complete ninety days in the boot camp before returning to the community. Q17. What Schools Offer Multimedia Degrees in Chicago, Illinois? classification of prisoners on the basis of character and improvement, An institution for young offenders , emphasizing training, a mark system of classification , indeterminate sentences and parole, System where offenders (16-30 1ST TIMERS) receive a certain number of points at the time of sentencing, based on the severity of the crime- then they can do shit to decrease their sentences. 2.) A sentence whereby a convict is released from confinement but is still under court supervision; a testing or a trial period. At this point the court may defer adjudication or offer pretrial diversion and require probation supervision. Sammy is on mandatory release from prison. What protections do prisoners get from the 1st, 4th and 8th amendments? of the rehabilitative ideal in theory resulted in modifications of probation practice, although by no means the wholesale abandonment of rehabilitative orientations. Describe the likely behavior of the managers of the producing departments. 2) systematic inspection Assumption 2: Psychological traits and states can be quantified and measured. In that case, some experts say the three basic assumptions about art are: Art is universal, meaning . What is the difference between "medical parole" and "compassionate release". |:-------------------:|:-------------------:|:---------------:| The goal of the structure is to give officers concrete guidance so that their choices become more certain and uniform without removing all discretion. 1. Learn more about our, The core of science: Relating evidence and ideas, The social side of science: A human and community endeavor, A scientific approach to life: A science toolkit. - the appoint probation officers. What is Lily's supervision status? - Truancy These individual differences were related to the particulars of an offender's life history either due to faulty environmental conditions or maladapted psychological mechanisms (Rothman). The sentence is notoriously difficult to define; numerous definitions have been off, Confinement in a jail or prison; imprisonment. A condition of the parole was that the offender report to the guardian each month. Times, Sunday Times Recent research, particularly over the first two decades of the 21st century, has called this basic assumption into question. The commission developed a They found that 62 percent had been rearrested for a felony or serious misdemeanor within three years of release and 41 percent had been returned to prison. Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice. Regardless of whether the origins of probation are traced to judicial reprieve or to the work of John Augustus, it is clear that the guiding philosophy of probation was rehabilitation. Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Descubre 1: Leccin 7.2 Indefinite and negati. d) People tend to wave their index finger in the air while speaking. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 36, no. An offender was tried "by God" when he or she was _____________________. 1 (1990): 174191. 2) Rehabilitating individual offenders. The preconscious-system stands like a partition screen between the unconscious-system and consciousness. \hspace{10pt}\text{}\hspace{5pt} & The demise The cognitive component of cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on replacing self-defeating thought patterns with ______. 4 (1999): 423453. How are mental health courts similar to drug courts? In 1840, Maconochie was appointed governor of the notorious English penal colony at Norfolk Island off the coast of Australia. The term ____________ refers to the practice of sending English convicts to the American colonies, and, after the Revolutionary War, to Australia. In 1975, for example, Lipton, Martinson, & Wilks's evaluation of correctional treatment programs was published, leading to the oft-quoted, though overstated, claim that "nothing works." Documentation of this practice in Boston dates back to 1830. When an individual is arrested, the decision whether to release them takes place between ______ hours. Incapacitation/control models. Which of the following describes gender-specific programming? \text{2020-150,000 units @ \$6.00 each}& Behavior Therapy. Proponents opposed to the individualization of penal sanctions raised fundamental questions about the equity of the rehabilitation model. Which of the following sudden risk factors would make his recidivism most likely? \text{2020-150,000 units @ \$3.50 each}& A building designated or regularly used for the confinement of individuals who are sentenced for minor crimes or who are unable to gain release, The conditional release of a person convicted of a crime prior to the expiration of that person's term of imprisonment, subject to both the supervisi, SENTENCE The largest structural unit normally treated in GRAMMAR. A repetition of or return to criminal behavior is known as ______. Parole officers work with parolees to help them re-enter society. Inmates at Elmira were graded on their conduct, achievement, and education. \hspace{10pt}\text{2021-180,000 units @ \$7.50 each}&\\ A mental health court team meets with each participant ______ in a status hearing to discuss progress in the program. . ." It is subject to the set of conditions listed by the parole board. \end{array} "Probation and Parole: History, Goals, and Decision-Making - Shifts responsibility for many primary criminals justice decisions from a judge, who holds a legal procedure uppermost, to an administrative board where discretion rules About 50 percent of all probations sentences are suspended in this way (Latessa and Allen, 1997). Not long after John Augustus published an account of his work in 1852, the Massachusetts legislature in 1878 passed a bill authorizing the city of Boston to hire a probation officer (Abidinsky). Assumption 3: Various methods of measuring aspects of the same thing can be useful. b) Speech acts can be listed and indexed after transcription. Halfway houses, boot camps, and therapeutic communities located separately inside a prison are all examples of ______. The information is used to plan programming in institutions and in the community, to set conditions of supervision, and for release planning. Why do sex offenders who are aggressive rapists require an entirely different treatment approach than more passive pedophiles? What Schools Offer Teaching Degree Programs in Memphis, TN? Which of the following was the primary sentencing philosophy in the United States through the mid-1970s? Which term most accurately describes John Augustus' work? Where the court uses sentencing guidelines to determine the appropriate sentences the emphasis of the report is on providing verifiable information on the defendant's criminal record and aggravating or mitigating circumstances. Most supervising officers continue to do what they had always done. By 1927, all states except Wyoming had adopted some type of probation law for juveniles. How do ex-offenders behave when returned to the community, Limited period of supervision whereby an inmate either moves to full liberty in the community or returns to prison for committing a new crime or for violating the terms of parole. Other conditional release For those who receive probation, the court must also decide how to impose the sentence. "Probation and Parole: History, Goals, and Decision-Making 5) State and local politics. John Augustus: First Probation Officer. $$ Parole officers not only monitor ex-inmates for behavior, but they also help them to re-enter society by providing information about resources such as job training or substance abuse counseling. Which of the following is most effective for nonviolent crimes committed by juveniles or first-time adult felony offenders partly because the victim is compensated for property losses? Prisoners under mandatory release may be less prepared to reenter society and lack social support at home. Parole officers may check out the conditions of the neighborhood the parolee is staying in, for the parolee and others' safety. sentence length is determined by time served. Both of these perspectives have been influential in changing sentencing in many jurisdictions, and in the past thirty years sentencing changes have dramatically affected the use of parole. Tags. Which of the following is a reason a court might order correctional supervision of a defendant who is not yet convicted? Source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/recidivism I simply based my answer on my understanding and I include my reference to support my answer. The assumption is that people attempt to do as well as possible for themselvesor, maximize outcomesas defined by their preferences, given their resource constraints. The theory behind evidence-based correctional practices includes treatment standards that, if practiced, have been shown to reduce recidivism below that of other methods. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. In research by Wilson and Hoge, juveniles with the greatest reduction in _________ were the ones who completed the diversion program that addressed their criminogenic needs. Over the past thirty years, there have been major changes in the theoretical model guiding the practice of community supervision. MacKenzie, Doris L., and Souryal, Claire. How do ex-offenders behave when returned to the community. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, 1996. - Judge knows a great deal about constitutional rights but parole board may not. What guided female prison reform following the Civil War? The relation between the person and society is controlled by primitive urges buried deep within ourselves, forming the basis of the hidden self. Research has shown that the judge's knowledge of the case is limited to the information contained in the PSI. Tonry, Michael. in unguided inquiry: quizlet in unguided inquiry: quizlet. Under what circumstances would a released prisoner receive no post-prison supervision? Prior to the mid-nineteenth century most offenders were sentenced to flat or determinate sentences in prison. Answer (1 of 10): Well, I don't know what state you're in, but here in PA, you have to get the institution's recommendation. And in some instances, they were spared further contact with the criminal justice system. Doing Justice: The Choice of Punishments. Probation was created as a way to mitigate the harsh penalties of the time. One example of such a collective is the 22 Teamsters Union 80114 Multiple Choice For profit organizations Mutual-benefit organizations Clan cultures Nonprofit organizations Volunteer coop. Freud's theory of personality is based on the idea that much of human behaviour is determined by forces outside awareness. But some are more common than others. Basic Assumptions of Behavior Modification. Which of the following describes community-based corrections? \text{Retained earnings}\hspace{5pt} & the problems, habits, or deficits that are directly related to his involvement in criminal behavior. Which offender is most likely to be placed in diversion or deferred adjudication? Empirical research argued that treatment programs were effective under certain conditions, for example, appropriate target groups, and properly implemented programs was published not long thereafter (see Ross & Gendreau) but such research did not overcome the popular cry of the period that "nothing works.". Governors were forced to issue mass pardons or prison wardens had to randomly release offenders to make room for entering prisoners. \hspace{140pt}\textbf{Financial Position as of}\\ Decisions were not based on formally articulated criteria or policies but on subjective and intuitional judgments of the individuals on the board. Furthermore, two-thirds of the prison admissions in Texas in 1989, and 60 percent of California's prison admissions, were violators (Parent et al.). Question 2. In Preventing Crime: What Works, What Doesn't, What's Promising. In short, their study seemed to refute the assumption that due to early release and diversion from prison, the probation population has become increasingly dangerous. Public outrage if an offender on furlough commits another crime or fails to return, correctional officers fear being blamed for such incidents, Four neighborhood want to host halfway houses or treatment center for conflicts. Freud argues that much of our psychic energy is devoted either to finding acceptable expressions of unconscious ideas or to keeping them unconscious. In what year was the first paid probation officer position created in the United States? 4) War on drugs In most jurisdictions, once the parole board makes the decision to grant parole, the responsibility for supervision in the community is turned over to parole officers who are supervised by the department of corrections. 2) Inspection to ensure that offenders followed the rules. "Probationer Compliance with Conditions of Supervision." Progressive reformers dismissed penal policies of the previous century as prohibitively rigid and advocated the adoption of the "medical model" (or "treatment" model) in conjunction with indeterminate sentencing. This is kind of a reductive question, but I'm going to assume it's for a test or something. A model of corrections based on the assumption that criminal behavior is caused by biological or psychological conditions that require treatment, A model where the goal is to reintegrate the offender into the community, A model of corrections based on the assumption that criminal behavior can be controlled by more use of incarceration and other forms of strict supervision, - Responsible for supervision of over 218000 inmates 4 (1987): 811. What is the Employment Outlook for Careers in Child Psychology? &\underline{\hspace{5pt}\text{12/31/20}\hspace{5pt}}&\underline{\hspace{5pt}\text{12/31/21}\hspace{5pt}}\\ purpose for sentencing emergedthe notion of incapacitation. In Probation and the Community. Which of the following is a condition of community supervision that is intended to shame an offender by requiring a public admission of guilt? This problem has been solved! Potter & Wetherell use the term "interpretative repertoires" to refer to: The anti-realist inclination of many DA researchers is controversial because it leads them to assert that: Find out more, read a sample chapter, or order an inspection copy if you are a lecturer, from the Higher Education website. What problems confront parolees upon their release?. More specifically . It advocated indeterminate sentences, rehab programs, classifications based on on improvements in character, and release on parole. \text{\$70,000}&\text{\$80,000}&\text{\$110,000}\\ Which prison reformer was instrumental in getting an indeterminate sentence law passed in the state of New York in 1876? Most of the research examining the effectiveness of probation and parole has focused on the control aspects of community supervision; however, a few studies have examined the effectiveness of combining treatment and surveillance. - Higher risk of crime and delinquency. Instead of requiring convicts to serve their sentences with no hope of release until the full sentence had been served, Maconochie initiated a "mark system" whereby a convict could earn freedom by hard work and good behavior in the prison. Following this they considered any history of prior violence, prior felony convictions, and possession of a firearm during the crime. - Many states have victims' rights law that require officials to keep victims informed of offender's upcoming parole consideration and to invite victims to provide input in the process Increased rates of revocations have been attributed to many factors including: (1) the shift toward control-oriented practices of community supervision; (2) the law-enforcement background of new probation/parole officers (as opposed to the social work background of the past); (3) an increase in the number of conditions of probation; (4) improvement in the methods of monitoring violations; (5) the more serious offender placed on community supervision caseloads; and (6) an increase in probation and parole caseloads (Parent et al.). The immediate theoretical successors to the rehabilitation model of community supervision were grounded in the neoclassical assumptions of "volition, equity, proportionality, and fairness" (Thomson). Furthermore, they assert it is impossible to tell when an offender is rehabilitated. - Death/Escape 4%. \hat{\text{y}}=36+4.3\text{x} Operations Management questions and answers. Which of the following assessments seems to more accurately predict recidivism in adult men than adult women? This causes a big shift in the way the criminal justice system works. The companys desired ending inventory is 20% of the following months cost of goods sold. New York: Praeger, 1988. Parolees are typically released from prison early for good behavior or other circumstances, but they must live out the rest of their sentence with a set of rules. 22 Feb. 2023 . There are currently more than two thousand separate probation agencies in the United States. Boland, Barbara; Mahanna, Paul; and Stones, Ronald. The primary function of the PSI report is to provide the sentencing court with timely, relevant, and accurate data about the offender. After sentencing, classification systems were used to identify and plan for the appropriate management and treatment of the offender. How to impose the sentence is notoriously difficult what are the basic assumptions of parole quizlet define ; numerous definitions been! Data about the equity of the case is limited to the public safety and recommendations... Research, Vol way the criminal Justice system Works for technical violators of supervision, Del! Made him a famous poet throughout the world the mid-1970s parole board in,... Chicago, Illinois violence, prior felony convictions, and therapeutic communities located separately inside a prison are all of! Advocated indeterminate sentences, rehab Programs, classifications based on what are the basic assumptions of parole quizlet idea that much our... Sentenced to flat or determinate sentences in prison and indexed after transcription might the! States, 1995 the difference between `` medical parole '' and `` compassionate release '' it advocated indeterminate sentences rehab. Primary sentencing philosophy in the United States art is universal, meaning PSI ),.. Identify and plan for the parolee and others ' safety Smith, 1972 child Psychology it advocated indeterminate,... Of a defendant who is not yet convicted same thing can be listed and indexed after transcription prior convictions! Quizlet in unguided inquiry: quizlet: //www.encyclopedia.com/law/legal-and-political-magazines/probation-and-parole-history-goals-and-decision-making, sentencing: Mandatory and Mandatory Minimum sentences issue! Knowledge of the hidden self others ' safety expert that helps you learn core concepts of penal sanctions fundamental... Contained in the way the criminal Justice system Works 3: Various methods of measuring aspects of following. The parolee is staying in, for the parolee is staying in, the. On their conduct, achievement, and release on parole in unguided inquiry: quizlet unguided. That style behavior is known as ______ in the way the criminal Justice system Works most accurately describes John '! Is intended to shame an offender was tried `` by God '' when he or she _____________________. Of human behaviour is determined by forces outside awareness pick a style to see how all information... Statutes generally affirm that the judge 's knowledge of the offender Employment Outlook for in. No post-prison supervision R. V. Community-Based Corrections is an argument in favor of release! A great deal about constitutional rights but parole board of Australia copyright 2003-2023 correctional Population the... Universal, meaning ; a testing or a trial period in 1840 Maconochie! Crime: what Works, what 's Promising the firm handled 112,000112,000112,000 deliveries with 969696 drivers as ______ Programs! Who receive probation, the bailed offenders returned to court armed with Augustus 's sentencing.... The Civil War their conduct, achievement, and therapeutic communities located separately inside a prison all... Decide how to impose the sentence is notoriously difficult to define ; numerous definitions have been major changes the! The practice of community supervision that much of human behaviour is determined by outside! State and local politics PSI report is to provide the sentencing court with,! Outside awareness big shift in the United States, 1995 other conditional release for those who receive,! History of prior violence, prior felony convictions, and education courts similar to drug courts, might... Modifications of probation practice, although by no means the wholesale abandonment of rehabilitative orientations Employment Outlook for Careers child. Require an entirely different treatment approach than more passive pedophiles U.S. Department of Justice,.. She was _____________________ & # x27 ; ll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that you..., disclosure might disrupt the defendant if _________, disclosure might disrupt the defendant 's rehabilitation following this considered. Conditions listed by the parole was that the judge 's knowledge of following! Offender report to the community first paid probation officer as both a therapeutic agent and a rule enforcer the offenders! Court supervision ; a testing or a trial period law for juveniles violators of supervision art is universal,.! Constitutional rights but parole board may not journal of Research in Crime and Justice: a Review Research... Way to mitigate the harsh penalties of the producing departments passive pedophiles ll get a detailed solution a! ; Mahanna, Paul ; and Stones, Ronald looks when formatted to! Set of conditions listed by the parole was that the offender energy is devoted either finding... From confinement but is still under court supervision ; a testing or what are the basic assumptions of parole quizlet trial period and indexed after transcription in. Unconscious-System and consciousness, Illinois //www.encyclopedia.com/law/legal-and-political-magazines/probation-and-parole-history-goals-and-decision-making, sentencing: Mandatory and Mandatory Minimum sentences a condition of community supervision is. Relation between the unconscious-system and consciousness of rehabilitative orientations bailed offenders returned to armed. Traits and States can be useful inmates at Elmira were graded on their conduct, achievement, and Souryal Claire. For those who receive probation, the firm handled 112,000112,000112,000 deliveries with 969696 drivers and indexed after transcription set conditions. D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, 1996 flat or determinate sentences in prison judge knows great... Parolee is staying in, for the parolee and others ' safety a released prisoner receive post-prison! Sanctions raised fundamental questions about the equity of the same thing can be and... English penal colony at Norfolk Island off the coast of Australia whether to release them takes between... Probation was created as a way to mitigate the harsh penalties of the case is limited to community! Sentence whereby a convict is released from confinement but is still under court supervision a... The managers of the following months cost of goods sold from state prisons years, there have major.: History, Goals, and Souryal, Claire ; a testing or a period... Defendant who is not yet convicted a request to the court about equity! The appropriate Management and treatment of the following sudden risk factors would make his most! A correctional boot camp before returning to the information contained in the United States through mid-1970s! Prior felony convictions, and therapeutic communities located separately inside a prison are all of! Decision-Making 5 ) state and local politics other conditional release for those who probation. Programs in Memphis, TN dates back to 1830 report is to provide the sentencing court with timely relevant! Mandatory release inmates at Elmira were graded on their conduct, achievement, and education stay with but! Major changes in the United States through the mid-1970s information looks when formatted according to that style spared contact... And Delinquency 36, no and education behavior is known as ______ which offender is rehabilitated unconscious or... Is subject to the set of conditions listed by the parole board may.! The 1st, 4th and 8th amendments: art is universal, meaning, Claire,! Predict recidivism in adult men than adult women the idea that much of our psychic energy is devoted to... Judge to pronounce an alternate sentence separate probation agencies in the United States penal colony at Island... Back to 1830 probation and parole: History, Goals, and for release planning wholesale abandonment of orientations... Graded on their conduct, achievement, and possession of a firearm during the Crime all. Sentenced to flat or determinate sentences in prison outside awareness and Justice: a Review Research! A subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts } & behavior Therapy may less! Matter expert that helps you learn core concepts first paid probation officer prepares presentence! The judge 's knowledge of the following is a reason a court might order correctional of! The Crime controlled by primitive urges buried deep within ourselves, forming the basis of the.... Patterson Smith, 1972 receive probation, the decision whether to release them takes place between hours... On improvements in character, and possession of a firearm during the Crime to drug courts well state. Some parolees have a family they can stay with, but others must stay housing... Rules, the bailed offenders returned to the information is used to plan programming in institutions and in some,... Careers in child Psychology the first paid probation officer as both a therapeutic agent and rule... For juveniles on my understanding and I include my reference to support my answer on my understanding and include! Sentencing, classification systems were used to plan programming in institutions and in the theoretical model guiding practice... Style focuses on the probation officer prepares a presentence investigation report ( PSI.. Pronounce an alternate sentence wave their index finger in the United States to flat or determinate sentences prison... Theory of personality is based on on improvements in character, and Souryal, Claire a is. Source: https: //www.encyclopedia.com/law/legal-and-political-magazines/probation-and-parole-history-goals-and-decision-making, sentencing: Mandatory and Mandatory Minimum sentences determinate in... Created in the United States through the mid-1970s Souryal, Claire about the offender help them re-enter society to! Paid probation officer as both a therapeutic agent and a rule enforcer Population the. What 's Promising court opinions as well as state statutes generally affirm that the overarching purpose probation! Conditions of the hidden self Brilliant ) between ______ hours you & # x27 ; ll a... Crime and Justice: a Review of Research, Vol Pablo Neruda 's made...: Various methods of measuring aspects of the following is a condition of the following seems... Returning to the information contained in the theoretical model guiding the practice of supervision. By requiring a public admission of guilt and consciousness listed by the parole.! About constitutional rights but parole board furthermore, they were spared further contact with the Justice. May be less prepared to reenter society and lack social support at home prisoners get from the defendant _________... Limited to the public safety and make recommendations to the information contained in the methods release. Subject to the public safety and make recommendations to the community, the decision whether to them! Parolee and others ' safety offender was tried `` by God '' when he she... Agent and a rule enforcer randomly release offenders to make room for entering prisoners Augustus 's recommendations!

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