Martin Kitchen, writing in Speer: Hitler's Architect, stated that much of the increase in Germany's arms production was actually due to systems instituted by Speer's predecessor (Fritz Todt) and furthermore that Speer was intimately involved in the "Final Solution". Speer cancelled some hours before take-off because the previous night he had been up late in a meeting with Hitler. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (German: [pe] ( listen); March 19, 1905 - September 1, 1981) was a German architect who was, for a part of World War II, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich. [31] Speer designed the German Pavilion for the 1937 international exposition in Paris. Speer first heard Adolf Hitler speak during an address to the combined students and faculty of Berlin University and his institute. Two senior servants of the Third Reich, Albert Speer, Hitler's Armaments Minister, and Baldur von Schirach, former leader of the Hitler Youth and Gauleiter of Vienna, were released at midnight. Speer (Albert Speer's brother) and his life. He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, principally for the use of slave labor, narrowly avoiding a death sentence. Most days he was invited to dinner. Albert Speer was a young architect initially seduced by the speeches and rhetoric of Hitler. [45] Kristallnacht accelerated Speer's ongoing efforts to dispossess Berlin's Jews from their homes. At the southern end of the avenue, a great triumphal arch, almost 400 feet (120m) high and able to fit the Arc de Triomphe inside its opening, was planned. Concerned about retaining power, he did not appoint a deputy and continued to direct work of the Armaments Ministry from his bedside. As an example, he wanted to be given power over all armaments issues under Hermann Gring's Four Year Plan. Gring was reluctant to grant this. Hitler became interested in Speer through his own interest in the arts. [47] Speer denied he knew they were being put on Holocaust trains and claimed that those displaced were, "Completely free and their families were still in their apartments". [26], Speer also sought to portray himself as an opponent of Hitler's leadership. The manuscript led to two books: first Erinnerungen ("Recollections") (Propylen/Ullstein, 1969), which was translated into English and published by Macmillan in 1970 as Inside the Third Reich; then as Spandauer Tagebcher ("Spandau Diaries") (Propylen/Ullstein, 1975), which was translated into English and published by Macmillan in 1976 as Spandau: The Secret Diaries. While they were there his friend, Nazi Party official Karl Hanke recommended the young architect to Joseph Goebbels to help renovate the Party's Berlin headquarters. Many more buildings were planned. [22] Speer quickly became part of Hitler's inner circle; he was expected to call on him in the morning for a walk or chat, to provide consultation on architectural matters, and to discuss Hitler's ideas. Fun facts: before fame, family life, popularity rankings, and more. It takes the reader inside Nazi Germany on four different levels: Hitler's inner circle, National Socialism as a whole, the area of wartime production and the inner struggle of Albert Speer. His sentence of twenty years amounted to 7,305 days, which only allotted one and a half days per book. This article is about the book. Das Cytoskelett; Vergleich Pflanzenzelle - Tierzelle: Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten; Vergleich der Eigenschaften von prokaryotischen und eukaryotischen Zellen Yet development and production would take at least two years. [164] Brechtken said that if his extensive involvement in the Holocaust had been known at the time of his trial he would have been sentenced to death. He was able to curtail the discussion that the war should be ended. [69], As head of Organisation Todt, Speer was directly involved in the construction and alteration of concentration camps. Albert Speer Jr., one of the most important German architects and urban planners, died unexpectedly on September 15, 2017 in Frankfurt. Albert was active in sports, taking up skiing and mountaineering. Sauckel had whole villages in France, Holland and Belgium forcibly rounded up and shipped to Speer's factories. Speer states he became hopeful when Hitler explained how communism could be checked and Germany could recover economically. On 20 July 1942, Speer was enrolled by order of Heinrich Himmler as a SS Man/member of. Madonna Speaks Out Following Brother Anthony Ciccone's Death Thanking Him for His 'Important . Despite this opposition, the two married in Berlin on 28 August 1928; seven years elapsed before Margarete was invited to stay at her in-laws' home. [55] At the same time, Hitler also appointed Speer as head of the Organisation Todt, a massive, government-controlled construction company. [108] On 29 April, the day before committing suicide, Hitler dictated a final political testament which dropped Speer from the successor government. [155] In addition to the myth that he was an apolitical technocrat, he claimed he did not have full knowledge of the Holocaust or the persecution of the Jews. This allowed an extra 300 huts to be built at Auschwitz, increasing the total human capacity to 132,000. On one such business trip, Speer's friend and close associate Hans Stephan unexpectedly found himself on the frontlines of war, an account he would later publish as Niederlndisches Tagebuch [Dutch Diary].The 38-year-old senior manager of GBI's planning department was on a multicity lecture tour to discuss "building in the new Germany and the redesign of the Reich capital." Speer's illness coincided with the Allied "Big Week", a series of bombing raids on the German aircraft factories that were a devastating blow to aircraft production. The family learned of this through some letters Ernst sent. Albert Speer's account of all his experiences during the war was to me, totally fascinating. As a Nazi Party member, she had greatly enjoyed dining with Hitler. Finally, in the summer of 1943, Speer released the 1200 metric tons of uranium stock for use in solid-core ammunition. [152], After his release from Spandau, Speer portrayed himself as the "good Nazi". Land had been purchased by the end of 1934 and starting in March 1936 the first buildings were demolished to create space at Vostrae. It was to prevent harming his son's budding career that Speer came to not re-enter architecture upon his 1966 release. Speer II is more than an urban planner. He fabricated the additional details. by PanzerKavallerie 27 Jul 2005, 07:49, Post The relationship will always amaze. Carefully measuring distance travelled each day, he mapped distances to the real-world geography. [99] During January and February, Speer claimed that his ministry would deliver "decisive weapons" and a large increase in armaments production which would "bring about a dramatic change on the battlefield". [129] To make his daily walks around the garden more engaging Speer embarked on an imaginary trip around the globe. The existing Berlin railroad termini were to be dismantled, and two large new stations built. [32], On 30 January 1937, Hitler appointed Speer as General Building Inspector for the Reich Capital. The book also shows a photograph from 1943, of . [113] Speer was indicted on four counts: participating in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of crime against peace; planning, initiating and waging wars of aggression and other crimes against peace; war crimes; and crimes against humanity. Speer was formally arrested on May 23rd. [48] He also said: " en route to my ministry on the city highway, I could see crowds of people on the platform of nearby Nikolassee Railroad Station. 46.104 since 1942 - according to himself he declined all Ehrenrnge offered, but in the end accepted the Rank of a SS-Mann. Speer made no mention of it in the first draft of Inside the Third Reich. He continued to deny explicit knowledge of, and responsibility for the Holocaust. "It is not charity; I don't like that . His mother died in 1952. First Architect of the Third Reich. [8] In 1924, when the crisis had abated, he transferred to the "much more reputable" Technical University of Munich. [101], By mid-March, Speer had accepted that Germany's economy would collapse within the next eight weeks. [162], After Speer's death, Matthias Schmidt published a book that demonstrated that Speer had ordered the eviction of Jews from their Berlin homes. In the letter, Speer says, "There is no doubtI was present as Himmler announced on October 6, 1943, that all Jews would be killed. It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi atrocities and questions regarding his degree of awareness or involvement with them. His brothers names were Charles, Albert, Louis (Ludwig), and [100] Speer gained control over the railways in February, and asked Heinrich Himmler to supply concentration camp prisoners to work on their repair. His father, who died in 1947, despised the Nazis and was silent upon meeting Hitler. Na Nrnberkom procesu preuzeo je moralnu odgovornost za svoja djela te je priznao ignorantnost po pitanju Holokausta. In response, Hitler appointed Fritz Sauckel as a "manpower dictator" to obtain new workers. There's a small road going to the right. [146] Adam Tooze in his book The Wages of Destruction said Speer had manoeuvred himself through the ranks of the regime skillfully and ruthlessly and that the idea he was a technocrat blindly carrying out orders was "absurd". [107] Speer visited the Fhrerbunker on 22 April for the last time. Men da Moritz Schramm var barn, var det et andet blik, han havde p morfaren. Speer died of a stroke in 1981. Despite his opposition to the 20 July plot, he falsely claimed in his memoirs to have been sympathetic to the plotters. He spent the rest of his life attempting to enhance this image and erase any doubt that he did not participate or know about the Nazi atrocities. Speer was born in Mannheim, into an upper-middle-class family. For a treatise on this aspect of the war including Speer's involvement see: Randall, Hansen, Last edited on 17 February 2023, at 08:56, Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production, Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions, "Trials of the War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals, Volume II: The Milch Case", "Wartime reports debunk Speer as the good Nazi", "Letter proves Speer knew of Holocaust plan", "Historiker ber Albert Speer: "Er tat alles fr den Endsieg", "Rechtfertigung und Entlastung. He was credited with a dramatic increase in the shipment of arms that was widely reported as keeping Germany in the war. Unsubstantiated rumors have claimed that the remains were used for other building projects such as the Humboldt University, Mohrenstrae metro station and Soviet war memorials in Berlin. The complicated architecture of Albert Speer, Jr. From being the son of a Nazi to becoming one of the world's foremost architects, this 82-year-old urban planner has been on top of the German planning world for more than half a century. In July1932, the Speers visited Berlin to help out the Party before the Reichstag elections. According to Speer's daughter Hilde Schramm, "One by one my sister and brothers gave up. The second season of the PBS series looks at Hitler's planning and the battle that would ultimately cripple the Third Reich. Albert Speer was the Nazi Party's chief architect, a close confidant of Adolf Hitler and the brains behind the Nazi military production machine. [130] Speer also read, studied architectural journals, and brushed up on English and French. A dramatization of the life of Albert Speer (Rutger Hauer), Adolf Hitler's (Sir Derek Jacobi's) young architect and one-time confidant, and his meteoric rise into the Nazi hierarchy. [94] After the plot Speer's rivals attacked some of his closest allies and his management system fell out of favor with radicals in the party. Speer went on to quote Hitler as telling him privately after the remilitarization of the Rhineland, "We will create a great empire. [91], On 14 April 1944, Speer lost control of Organisation Todt to his Deputy, Franz Xaver Dorsch. After the disasters of the battle of Moscow (Operation Typhoon) and even after Stalingrad Germany manages to greatly increase its military production, even though the allies were launching a major bombing campaign against them. He lost Hitler's unconditional support and began to lose power. albert speers younger brother ernst was killed at Stalingrad Russia in the battle for Stalingrad. His first draft was written from March 1953 to 26 December 1954. - London, 1. rujna 1981.) He originally wanted to become a mathematician, but his father advised against the wish, suggesting that he would "lead a life without money, without a position, and . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Inside the Third Reich begins with an account of Speer's childhood, followed by a description of his role as Heinrich Tessenow's assistant at the Technical University of Berlin. He was more forthright in an interview with William Hamsher in which he said he joined the party in order to save "Germany from Communism". One of Speer's grandfathers was among the most successful machine-tool manufacturers in Germany; the other was a well-known architect. He was not involved in the plot, and played a minor role in the regime's efforts to regain control over Berlin after Hitler survived. [73] Sauckel obtained new workers often using the most brutal methods. Hosted by askropp and Frech. Schmidt authored the first book that was highly critical of Speer. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (/pr/; German: [pe] (listen); 19 March 1905 1 September 1981) was a German architect who served as the Minister of Armaments and War Production in Nazi Germany during most of World War II. by PanzerKavallerie 27 Jul 2005, 16:15, Post [146] So great was the need to believe this "Speer Myth" that Fest and Siedler were able to strengthen iteven in the face of mounting historical evidence to the contrary. German architect of the Nazi period (1933-45). [171] Brechtken said Speer only admitted to a generalized responsibility for the Holocaust to hide his direct and actual responsibility. "[48] Matthias Schmidt said Speer had personally inspected concentration camps and described his comments as an "outright farce". Inside the Third Reich. On 31 January 1931, he also joined the Motor Unit of the SA being a member until autumn 1932. [167] Brechtken wrote that his most brazen lie was fabricated during an interview with a French journalist in 1952. He had claimed that he was unaware of Nazi extermination plans, and the Allies had no proof that he was aware. [114], The chief United States prosecutor, Robert H. Jackson, of the U.S. Supreme Court said, "Speer joined in planning and executing the program to dragoon prisoners of war and foreign workers into German war industries, which waxed in output while the workers waned in starvation. Speer enthusiastically supported the program and in March 1942 made an order for A4 rockets, the predecessor of the world's first ballistic missile, the V-2 rocket. he is one of Germany's top architects. [39], Plans to build a new Reich chancellery had been underway since 1934. August 1, 2017. [58] Characteristically Hitler did not give Speer any clear remit; he was left to fight his contemporaries in the regime for power and control. Speer was loyal to Hitler, and his experience building prisoner of war camps and other structures for the military qualified him for the job. Speer liked the scenario so much that he wrote it into his memoirs. Speer, imenovan tudi prvi arhitekt Tretjega rajha , je bil Hitlerjev glavni arhitekt v nacistini Nemiji, leta 1942 pa je v Hitlerjevem kabinetu postal minister za oboroitev. Albert Speer, l'architetto prediletto da Hitler, venne accusato per la deportazione e lo sfruttamento dei civili europei. He agreed to expand Auschwitz and some other camps, allocating 13.7 million Reichsmarks for the work to be carried out. He also cites the use of the V-2 as a terror weapon, rather than continued development of the ground-to-air defensive Waterfall rocket. [164] Even so, public perceptions of Speer did not change substantially until Heinrich Breloer aired a biographical film on TV in 2004. In 1942, he was named Minister of Armaments and Munitions, assuming significant responsibility for the German war economy. Stalingrad was a classic example where he refused to provide the equipment necessary to supply his army on the Eastern front during the terrible winter of 1941. 2. Speer's mother asked Albert to do something to get Ernst out. [165] Trommer said he was not an apolitical technocrat; instead, he was one of the most powerful and unscrupulous leaders in the Nazi regime. Speer arrived there the previous evening and accepted Todt's offer to fly with him to Berlin. "[4] His brothers, Ernst and Hermann, bullied him throughout his childhood. alberts side and was generally desribed as a wastrel. He added a stone exterior that pleased Hitler. [80], In December 1943, Speer visited Organisation Todt workers in Lapland, while there he seriously damaged his knee and was incapacitated for several months. The large capital investment was not repaid in military effectiveness. Fordonsmklarna Blocket, Kpop Groups That Start With Y, Arbetsgivardeklaration Individuppgift, What Happened To Katelyn Thornley, Josh Kesselman Net Worth 2020, How To Install Samsung Notes On Huawei, Finland Immigration For Skilled Workers, Albert Speer Brother Stalingrad, Ambulanshelikopter Pilot Ln, Ortopediska Arbetsskor, Raskatter Omplacering, Ekonomi Och Redovisningsassistent . Ernst Speer. Contributor: C. Peter Chen ww2dbase Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer was born in Mannheim, Germany, into a wealthy middle class family to Albert and Luise Speer. Speer in response used his propaganda expertise to display a new dynamism of the war economy. This is followed by an epilogue dealing with the end of the war in Europe and the resulting Nuremberg trials, in which Speer was sentenced to a 20-year prison term for his actions during the war. Initially, the funds were used only to support Speer's family, but increasingly the money was used for other purposes. [16][b] The same year, with stipends shrinking amid the Depression, Speer surrendered his position as Tessenow's assistant and moved to Mannheim, hoping to make a living as an architect. [123] Wolters raised a total of DM158,000 for Speer over the final seventeen years of his sentence. This ignored military realities, as the German armed forces were unable to match the Allies' firepower and were facing total defeat. [68] Hitler was closely involved with the design of the tanks, but kept changing his mind about the specifications. "[142] He supported Hermann, his brother, financially after the war. A scene from 'Rise of the Nazis' Photo: 72 Films. [34] Hitler ordered Speer to develop plans to rebuild Berlin. He has risen to the top of the . This movie is based on Speer's autobiography of the same name. He had walked more than 30,000 kilometres (19,000mi), ending his sentence near Guadalajara, Mexico. [177], The armaments "miracle" was a myth; Speer had used statistical manipulation to support his claims. Feigned repentance at Nuremberg, saving his own neck. The program while advanced proved to be an impediment to the war economy. Sereny decided to complete the book alone . He was the second of three sons of Luise Mthilde Wilhelmine (Hommel) and Albert Friedrich Speer. Through his autobiographies and interviews, Speer carefully constructed an image of himself as a man who deeply regretted having failed to discover the monstrous crimes of the Third Reich. Labor to build the A4 rockets came from the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp. In the aftermath of the Night of the Long Knives, he had been commissioned to renovate the Borsig Palace on the corner of Vostrae and Wilhelmstrae as headquarters of the Sturmabteilung (SA). [82] In mid-January 1944, Speer had a lung embolism and fell seriously ill. [154] In his memoirs and interviews, he had distorted the truth and made so many major omissions that his lies became known as "myths". [66], As Minister of Armaments, Speer was responsible for supplying weapons to the army. Hitler's cabinet was dismayed at his tactics, but, regardless, he was able to accumulate new responsibilities and more power. [61] By April 1942, Speer had persuaded Gring to create a three-member Central Planning Board within the Four Year Plan, which he used to obtain supreme authority over procurement and allocation of raw materials and scheduling of production in order to consolidate German war production in a single agency. A brick factory was built near the Oranienburg concentration camp at Speer's behest; when someone commented on the poor conditions there, Speer stated, "The Yids got used to making bricks while in Egyptian captivity". Albert Speer (fdt Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer den 19. marts 1905 i Mannheim, dd 1. september 1981 i London) var en tysk arkitekt, der under 2. verdenskrig var rustningsminister (Reichsminister fr Bewaffnung und Munition) i Nazi-Tyskland.Lnge inden ministerudnvnelsen havde Speer vret Adolf Hitlers foretrukne arkitekt.. Speer blev medlem af nazistpartiet i 1931. Described by associates as ice cold. [77] His close relationship with Hitler provided him with political protection, and he was able to outwit and outmaneuver his rivals in the regime. [79] This belief proved incorrect, and Speer and Merker's attempt to build the Kriegsmarine's new generation of submarines, the Type XXI and Type XXIII, as prefabricated sections at different facilities rather than at single dockyards contributed to the failure of this strategically important program. [150], He had remained married to his wife, but he had formed a relationship with a German woman living in London and was with her at the time of his death. By Dorothy . However Speer secured Hitler's support, and on 1 March 1942, Gring signed a decree naming Speer "General Plenipotentiary for Armament Tasks" in the Four Year Plan. It was used for Nazi propaganda rallies and can be seen in Leni Riefenstahl's propaganda film Triumph of the Will. Speer states that even if Germany concentrated all of its resources, it would have been 1947 before they could have had an atom bomb. On May 15th, 1945, the Americans captured Speer and quizzed him on the success or otherwise of the Allied bombing campaign. Albert Speer, Hitler's architect, who became Minister of Armaments and War Production in World War II, died today at St. Mary's Hospital. [81] He was under the dubious care of Professor Karl Gebhardt at a medical clinic called Hohenlychen where patients "mysteriously failed to survive". Yet each showed comparable increases in production despite not being under Speer's control. The designs were rushed into production, and the completed submarines were crippled by flaws which resulted from the way they had been constructed. One thing that happened in early 1840 of Victoria time was that [5] Speer was active in sports, taking up skiing and mountaineering. [85] The growth, however, consisted in large part of models that were becoming obsolescent and proved easy prey for Allied aircraft. After August 1944, oil from the Romanian fields was no longer available. [60] It did not immediately dawn on his political rivals that his calls for rationalization and reorganization were hiding his desire to sideline them and take control. [77], Speer and his hand-picked director of submarine construction Otto Merker believed that the shipbuilding industry was being held back by outdated methods, and revolutionary new approaches imposed by outsiders would dramatically improve output. [143] David Irving discovered discrepancies between the deceptively edited Chronicle and independent documents. During his life, he worked on redesigning city centers of . [160] This construction was accepted almost at face value by historian Hugh Trevor-Roper when investigating the death of Adolf Hitler for British Intelligence and in writing The Last Days of Hitler. He admitted only to being uncomfortable around Jews in the published version of the Spandau Diaries. albert speers younger brother ernst was killed at Stalingrad happened. Though stockpiling of materials and other work continued, this slowed to a halt as more resources were needed for the armament industry. He took a role in that short-lived regime as Minister of Industry and Production. [65] Production of every type of weapon peaked in June and July 1944, but there was now a severe shortage of fuel. After hearing Hitler speak at a Berlin . [citation needed], At the Nuremberg Trials, Speer was sentenced to 20 years in prison for his use of prisoners in the armaments factories while Minister of Armaments. House Albert Speer (4) Location: Take the road in front of the Gutshof back uphill to the Berghof. like so many other Germans his body was never found or returned to . [43] The Schutzstaffel (SS) built two concentration camps in 1938 and used the inmates to quarry stone for its construction. Speer created an elaborate garden complete with lawns, flower beds, shrubbery, and fruit trees. In her renowned biography, Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth, she describes her friend Schramm as "maybe the most moral person I have ever met". [15], In January 1931, Speer applied for Nazi Party membership, and on 1 March 1931, he became member number 474,481. "[2] A review by Kirkus Reviews on 27 August 1970 stated, "Speer's portrayals of the Nazi leadership, of the constant intrigues and rivalries among Hitler's entourage, and of Hitler himself, his histrionic virulence, his banality, and his peculiar magic, are engrossing and revealing. The concrete cylinder, 14 metres (46ft) high, was used to measure ground subsidence as part of feasibility studies for a massive triumphal arch and other large structures planned within Hitler's post-war renewal project for the city of Berlin as the world capital Germania. He lost yet more authority. [11] As such, Speer taught some of his classes while continuing his own postgraduate studies. The rockets were researched at a facility in Peenemnde along with the V-1 flying bomb. No buildings designed by Speer during the Nazi era are extant in Berlin, other than the 4 entrance pavilions and underpasses leading to the Victory Column or Siegessule,[180] and the Schwerbelastungskrper, a heavy load-bearing body built around 1941. Startseite; Cytologie. [1]:55,71,7879,83,105,115116,138,188,651,674,696, Starting in April 1942, Speer became aware of the potential of German nuclear research in developing, in his words, "a weapon which could annihilate whole cities." As "the Nazi who said sorry", he accepted moral responsibility at the Nuremberg trials . Progress was slow because fuel was rationed and Army Group A were given priority. [95], Losses of territory and a dramatic expansion of the Allied strategic bombing campaign caused the collapse of the German economy from late 1944. 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