Historically, reclamation meant irrigation projects that brought wetlands and deserts (considered useless wastelands) into agricultural production. This means that those living on the old waterfront now have a large expanse of land bordering their respective locations. Some of the biggest cities in Nigeria are looked at below. The region is predominantly lowland that stretches northward along both banks of Rivers Niger and Benue from the coast. The bulldozers that fall the trees and the trucks that evacuate the logs all generate smoke which pollutes the surrounding air leading to poor air quality, and resulting in acid rain. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. Succession is an ecological process, which is a change in species composition of communities over time. Coastal sites are preferred by land speculators because they usually off-city limits and isolated from the rest of the population. Before reclamation the site is cleared, which leads to the destruction of native plant species within the reclaimed area [3]. The direct causes include: (i) land expansion, (ii) construction activities, (iii) land acquisition and (iv) succession (land-forming activities of mangroves). On its right is the. But in most cases no proper EIA or landscape assessment is carried out [5]. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. The problem is that mangroves provide numerous ecosystem services to the local people while the palms provide no ecosystem service to the people. Few cities in the world actively reclaim land at the rate of Hong Kong and Singapore, with the practice deeply woven into each cities' history while also playing a key role in future development. Centralization: these are lands that are regarded as focal points as a result of their economic value. It is also referred to as the process of improving lands to make them suitable for more intensive use. Invasion of foreign species in coastal areas is another precursor to land reclamation activity aimed at remediating the sites in the Niger Delta region. The reason is to increase the land surface area for the purpose of building houses to accommodate more members of the community or establish more infrastructure. The dehydration of the intertidal areas cuts off dissolved oxygen and food supply to aquatic species. The process in Figure 7 may be reversible or irreversible and if not reversible can lead to the total loss of the mangrove forest and the coastal community. During exploration the coast is first dredged, cleared of vegetation and reclaimed in other to create a plat form for mounting pillars that carry oil pipelines and well heads. According to him, the ideal way is for the Ministries of Waterfront Infrastructure Development and Physical Planning and Urban Development to lead a Lagos Lagoon Management Plan, a 30-year master plan that will detail the usage, preservation and envision what Lagos Lagoon will look like in the next three decades. Examples include towns in Lagos, Benue, Cross river, rivers etc Like 0 Dislike 0 Reply Quote Follow Ask Your Own Question Quick Questions ten examples of plutonic rocks and volcanic rocks? He said: Personally, I do not think that we are doing it the right way. During clearing heavy machinery fell trees. Presently buildings have been erected on the site, which are occupied by some people. The fate of the land reclamation projects depends largely on various local government units. Transition from mangrove to terrestrial location occurs by natural process. Backing the argument of Nwilo, a former Professor of Geography at the University of Ibadan, Adetoye Faniran, viewed the matter in a way that seems supernatural. These areas are naturally covered with water during high tides, but are filled with soil and consolidated to prevent tidal flooding during high tide. Almost every coastal area in the Niger Delta has had one abandoned project or the other, one of which is sand dump. Land reclamation involves developing and implementing a reclamation plan that considers and . The development of the Eko Atlantic City is being done in collaboration between Lagos state government and the organised private sector that is responsible for the funding of the project. Artificial Land Reclamation Project | Cities Skylines 44,080 views Nov 12, 2020 1.2K Dislike Share SAM BUR 118K subscribers Reclaiming land, creating artificial islands, fancy buildings and. This could lead to the death of soil dwelling organisms. Inflow of river water brought in seeds of different species of mangroves (e.g. Chapter 6Reclamation Methods6.1 DRY METHOD6.2 HYDRAULIC RECLAMATION METHOD6.3 REHANDLING FROM A REHANDLING PIT6.4 HYDRAULIC FILLING6.5 SAND SPREADING6.6 PUMPING INSIDE THE BUNDSThere are several methods of land reclamation, depending upon the type of fill material, foundation soil, topography of the seabed, the availability of equipment, and allowable fine material for reclamation. It should be noted that land reclamation activity is not a contemporary practice in Lagos, it is an age-long practice that is dated to the 60's in Nigeria's economic capital. Loss of trees leads to increased soil erosion and increased sedimentation of river. Land reclamation has been a common practice to produce valuable land in coastal areas . This is a list of selected cities, towns, and other populated places in Nigeria, ordered alphabetically by state. Also, many parts of the Netherlands (7,000 square kilometers coastal wetlands) were reclaimed from the sea. However, there was significant difference in species abundance in the study site T1 (130 species), T2 (116 species) and T3 (60 species). A research article published by Ibidun Adelekan titled Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Flooding in Lagos, Nigeria says: Metropolitan Lagos, situated on the narrow lowland coastal stretch bordering the Atlantic Ocean and originally covered with mangrove swamps, has experienced significant land cover changes as a result of past and present land reclamation activities to secure land for urban development., The article says further: In 1960, Lagos covered an area of about 200 square kilometres, but by the beginning of the twenty-first century, its contiguously built-up area was estimated at about 1,140 square kilometers, and sections of the metropolis along the coastline have high population Densities.. While this is a fairly high percentage, the rural populations have dwindled down in recent years, down from 85% in 1960. It occurs at on-shore or off-shore locations [3]. Introductory Chapter: Landscape Reclamation as a K Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria. Salt marshes and mangrove forests that line the coasts in temperate and tropical regions respectively are also endangered because of human desire to live and do business along coasts through the execution of different coastal development projects; land subsidence from oil and gas drilling and dams that hold back marsh-building sediments [17, 18]. Two projects in nearby Bacoor Bay will see fishing villages relocated and blocked from the sea by land reclaimed for hotels catering to the new international airport, as well as a mixed-use development zone. However, there are other types of land reclamation, depending on the type of fill material, topography of the seabed and the type of equipment available. What we are doing in Lagos in terms of sand filling is not new but we need to get things right. Not surprisingly, the country that is home to the largest population of the region also has by far the largest area under cultivation. I hope they are being done according to the best practices in order to protect the ecosystem., He concluded by saying that: land reclamation for the purpose of constructing properties in commercial quantities is risky.. An example is a construction project such as the installation of infrastructure on reclaimed coastal areas e.g. According to him, disruption of the ecology would also have a negative impact on the people living in the affected area. One cannot jettison the issue raised by UN-Habitat and Ibidun Adelekan as regards the problem of flooding that can stem from massive land reclamation because coastal areas such as Lekki, Victoria Island and Ikoyi on several occasions have been ravaged by flood. Landscape reclamation is. A conceptualized reclamation pattern in coastal communities in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. description of the basic customary land tenure rules in Nigeria. Abia (state) Aba Arochukwu Umuahia Adamawa (state) Jimeta Mubi Numan Yola Akwa Ibom (state) Ikot Abasi Ikot Ekpene Oron Uyo Anambra (state) Awka Onitsha Bauchi (state) Azare Bauchi Jamaare Katagum Using satellite imagery, another group of researchers concluded that the Palm. This is encapsulated in the Land Use Act promulgated in 1978, which states that all lands in Nigeria belong to the Federal Government, this include but not limited to under-water land that is 200 nautical miles from the shore. More than a thousand acres of land was to be created by building a seawall more than 6km in length with. I see nothing wrong in sand filling or perhaps reclaiming land from the sea. A Federal High Court, Abuja, on Tuesday, dismissed a certificate forgery suit filed by the Action Alliance (AA) against Sen. Bola Tinubu, presidential candidate of the All Progressives Congress (APC). Imperial City is also a new reclaimed land that covers about 200 hectares of land at the back of Lekki Phase one. Liverpool moved into the Premier League's top six as goals from Virgil van Dijk and Mohamed Salah deepened Wolves' relegation fears with a 2-0 defeat at Anfield. In the course of this period a small outlet was created by the side of the sand filled area, which allowed the entry of river water into the sand filled area during high tide. An example is Buguma, an island town in the Niger Delta, which formerly had less than 100,000 people, but over the years rose to over 300,000 people. A future gas plant is to be located at the beach adjacent to Edko Town in the eastern part of Abu Qir Bay. Fast-growing cities in the Gulf and Southeast Asia are turning water into real estate at a spectacular pace and scale. Nevertheless, land utilization is influenced by nature and characteristics of soil, soil moisture and temperature, topography and land location, flora, fauna and climate. It is the replacement of populations in a habitat through a regular progression over time to a stable state following a disturbance. Books > Such administrative control of the land by the chief is referred to by A wet land can be filled with cement or can also be filled with large rocks. The next kind of management is human management [19]. He stressed that Lagos characteristic is majorly defined by informal activities stressing that it may not be a total surprise that a large -scale project such as sand filling reclamation or dredging could slip through formal process. Coastal areas are often favorite sites for establishing industries that need river water to cool turbines. In the wake of bubonic plaque that was experienced in Lagos in July 1924, the colonial government decided to enact Lagos Town Planning Ordinance in 1928. Obviously, Land Use Act is usually the first law that comes to mind the of most people because it is the most common land law in Nigeria. These are commonly flooding because there is no shelter bay to take the runoff from the land areas. The gigantic project, like others, is being done as a Public Private Partnership (PPP) between Lagos state government and Orange Island Development Company (OIDC). This situation had led to the loss of many species. Ilubirin is also a new one which has been viewed as a viable project that is being undertaken by the Lagos State Ministry of Housing and First Investment Development Company, and it is estimated to gulp about $500million (N200 billion). Land is highly priced and many have died for its sake through fratricidal wars and communal clashes because of its scarcity. It also changes the coastal structure and lead to flooding of upland areas. Land is regarded in this area as the best form of asset investment because of the prestige attached to its ownership. Luloff, James By Jamilah Mohd Salim, Maizatul Azwa Radzi, Sheriza M IntechOpen Limited Several communities, they said, have been swept away amid predictions that if restraints on land reclamation are not taken into account, Lagos may be submerged by 2050. "Land reclamation kills mangroves, seagrass and corals. Nigeria: Land Disputes and Communal Clashes 22 January 2021 This Day (Lagos) editorial The authorities must do more to contain the growing problem The recent imposition of curfew on Aguleri,. A manufacturing company in the production of herbal drugs, Afroganiks, has called for more research on drugs produced from herbs, while noting that, Herbal products most of the time cause kidney problems and organ failure in the body because they are not well dosed.. It is the forceful or legal takeover of coastal area by individuals or government officials. . Industries also flock around coastal areas because of the ease of transportation of goods and equipments. If done in an organised manner, I believe nobody will complain. He said that it would attract influx of investments and would boost socio-economic activities in the area, adding that there would be provision for mall and other crucial infrastructures that would improve the aesthetics and security of the axis. Landscape reclamation is intended for urban city expansion, road construction, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand mining. This could lead to the reduction in species composition and diversity of aquatic resources. The aim of acquiring land varies, but is mainly for possession and or production of goods and services to satisfy socio-economic and socio-cultural needs. roads, buildings, industries and parks. It is a strategy for protecting or restoring the function, structure and species composition of an ecosystem while providing for its sustainable socioeconomic use. This could lead to permanent loss of mangroves or other plant species of economic/medicinal importance and habitat for marine organisms and wildlife and their emigration to unaffected areas, thereby upsetting the ecological balance. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the worlds most-cited researchers. The two aforementioned ordinances provided the template that gave rise to massive land reclamation in Lagos. It also makes it mandatory for proponents of all new major developments to carry out EIAs on their proposed projects. During canalization, earth moving dredgers are deployed to excavate the benthic soil. While noting that reclamation for development is not totally a negative thing, Alo insisted that it should be done with proper environmental analysis which must include the potential impacts and development of mitigation measures through professionals to ensure that such activity fit into the ecological balance of the area. The environmental problem of this practice is that the sand dumped by the shore smothers plants and animals around the area and changes the coast from a marshy to a sandy area. The plants growing on the sand fill area are between 0.5m and 1.0m tall. Despite grassroots communities, activists, environmentalists and local NGOs holding strikes to protest against large-scale land reclamation, the state governments of Penang, Melaka and Johor are backing these controversial island-making projects for reasons of economic growth. It is noteworthy that Songo International Business District also in South Korea which is reputed to be the largest private development in the country is built on a reclaimed land in the area of Incheon waterfront. Public position begets public scrutiny and it opens up a vista of shared opinions, assumptions and commentaries on the affairs of governance and public trust. The economy is all about the desire for resources and land. Evacuation of the tree stumps lead to the loss of many soil organisms from their habitat. Creating an artificial island is an expensive and risky undertaking. It is the returning of lands to an improved state. 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