In 2020, the infant mortality rate in the United States was 5.4 deaths per 1,000 live births. Parreco J, Quiroz HJ, Willobee BA, et al. July 2022. Factors Associated With Referral of Children With a Femur Fracture to a Social Worker by an Orthopedist for Suspected Child Abuse. Messing-Junger, M., & Alhourani, J. Cerebrospinal Fluid Interaction with Cerebral Cortex during Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma. B., Marine, M.B., Jones, R.H., et al. by Jolie McCullough Jan. 11, 2023 11 . Zuccoli, G. Pediatric Radiology. The importance of optic nerve sheath hemorrhage as a postmortem finding in cases of fatal abusive head trauma: a 13-year study in a tertiary hospital, Development and Validation of a Physical Model to Investigate the Biomechanics of Infant Head Injury, Photographic assessment of retinal hemorrhages in infant head injury: the Childhood Hemorrhagic Retinopathy Study, Derivation and Validation of a Serum Biomarker Panel to Identify Infants with Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage, Cervical spine imaging for young children with inflicted trauma: Expanding the injury pattern, Expert Witness Participation in Civil and Criminal Proceedings. Academic Pediatrics. Shaken baby syndrome can occur from as little as 5 seconds of shaking. April 2022. Photographic assessment of retinal hemorrhages in infant head injury: the Childhood Hemorrhagic Retinopathy Study. Pediatric Radiology. May 2021. Age-Related Mortality in Abusive Head Trauma. Theodorou, C.M.,Nuo, M., Yamashiro, K.J., et al. Amyloid Precursor Protein in Abusive Head Trauma Suspects. Optimizing imaging in the pediatric trauma patient, part 1: head and neck trauma. January 2023. Kralik SF, Yasrebi M, Supakul N, et al. Change in Incidence and Severity of Abusive Head Trauma in the Paediatric Age Group Pre- and During COVID-19 Lockdown in the North East of England. September 2022. Imaging and reporting considerations for suspected physical abuse (non-accidental injury) in infants and young children. The role of household composition of children diagnosed with abusive head trauma. Pediatric Emergency Care. Effectiveness of Educational Materials Designed to Improve Knowledge Regarding Crying and Shaken Baby Syndrome in Mothers of Hispanic Population. September 2020. Kennedy JM, Lazortiz S, & Palusci VJ. Kriss S, Thompson A, Bertocci G, Currie M, & Martich V. Pediatric Radiology. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. The National Center for Shaken Baby Syndrome estimates that each year between 1200 to 1400 children are injured or killed by abusive head injuries annually in the United States. You can find each month's episode here on our website or wherever you get your podcasts. July 2020 [epub ahead of print]. High prevalence of non-accidental trauma among deceased children presenting at Level I trauma centers in the Netherlands. You must obtain at least 30 clock hours of training each year relevant to the age of the children for whom you provide care. JAMA. Luyet FM, Wipperfurth J, Palm A, Knox BL. May 2021. The relationship between childhood maltreatment and mental health problems: coping strategies and social support act as mediators. Health services utilization and cost of abusive head trauma in Taiwan: A population-based retrospective matched cohort study. Child Abuse & Neglect. A man imprisoned for 15 years in the death of his month-old son is free after prosecutors and a judge agreed that the scientific research underlying what was once called "shaken baby syndrome . Berger R and Lindberg DM. Dominguez, M.M., Moore, J.L., Cook, M., et al. Pediatric abusive head trauma: ThinkFirst national injury prevention foundation. Brain Sciences. December 2022. April 2021. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Child Abuse & Neglect. This is the most comprehensive and complete consensus statement published to date. Trends in shaken baby syndrome diagnosis codes among young children hospitalized for abuse. Violent Infant Surrogate Shaking: Continuous High-Magnitude Centripetal Force and Abrupt Shift in Tangential Acceleration May Explain High Risk of Subdural Hemorrhage. Nov. 2018. November 2017. Berger RP, Furtado AD, Flom LL, Fromkin JB, & Panigrahy A.Pediatric Radiology. ICD-10-CM Codes for the Identification of Abusive Head Trauma in Administrative Datasets. July 2018. Orru' E, Huisman TAGM, and Izbudak I. Shaken baby syndrome in Italy: socio-cultural and medico-legal perspective. Journal of Family Issues. September 2022. More data, more questions: No simple answer about which children should undergo screening neuroimaging for clinically occult abusive head trauma. Imaging findings in abusive head trauma (AHT). External Validation of the PediBIRN Screening Tool for Abusive Head Trauma in Pediatric Emergency Department Settings. European Journal of Pediatrics. July 2018. February 2020. Exploring the Vitreoretinal Interface: a Key Instigator of Unique Retinal Hemorrhage Patterns in Pediatric Head Trauma. The list cites the articles title, author(s), title of the periodical or book, publication date and a link to the abstract or full article (if available). Neurotrauma Reports. Globally 2.4 million children died in the first month of life in 2020. Lopez-Bushnell K, Torrez D, Robertson JV, Torrez C, Strickler L. Journal of Neonatal Nursing. Sept-Oct 2018. Pediatrics. Frequencies and occurrences of violence prior to a diagnosis of shaking. Imaging and reporting considerations for suspected physical abuse (non-accidental injury) in infants and young children. June 2022. June 2021. December 2022. The prevalence of non-accidental trauma among children with polytrauma: A nationwide level-I trauma centre study. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. Association of a Postnatal Parent Education Program for Abusive Head Trauma With Subsequent Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma Hospitalizaton Rates. Facts & Info. Pediatric Radiology. Charting the Globe: How Technologies Have Affected Our Understanding of Retinal Findings in Abusive Head Trauma/Shaken Baby Syndrome. June 2021. Pediatric Radiology. van Zandwijk JP, Vester MEM, Bilo RA, van Rijn RR, Loeve AJ. Journal of Family Violence. Samaisha's father had dropped her off at Hoover-Moore's North Side home on Dec. 1, 2002 at about 2:55 p.m. Less than four hours later, Hoover-Moore called 911 to report that the child was having . Child Abuse & Neglect. Archives of Disease in Childhood. Pediatric Neurosurgery. Moskwa, R., Todeschi, J., Wiedemann-Fode, A., et al. JAMA Pediatr. Fatal Child Abuse. November 2015. Miller TR, Steinbeigle R, et al. Medicolegal issues in abusive head trauma for the pediatric neurosurgeon, Occurrence of traumatic brain injury due to short falls with or without a witness by a nonrelative in children younger than 2 years, Skull fractures in abusive head trauma: a single centre experience and review of the literature. Norrbakhsh KA, Berger RP, & Smith JK. Pediatric Ophthalmologists' Experiences With Abusive Head Trauma. May 2022. Estimated rates of mortality or death for those suffering from shaken baby syndrome range from around 15% to upwards of 38%; the median average is between 20% and 25%. September 2020. December 2022. Child's Nervous System. April 2022. Klevens J, Luo F, Xu L, Peterson C, Latzman NE. Baerg J, Thirumoorthi A, Hazboun R, et al. Short-Term Effects of Tax Credits on Rates of Child Maltreatment Reports in the United States. May 2020. Annals of Emergency Medicine. May 2020. Reasonable suspicion in reporting child maltreatment: a survey among German healthcare professionals. Identifying Predictors of Physical Abuse Evaluation of Injured Infants. Even, K.M., Hymel, K.P., Armijo-Garcia, V., et al. Abusive Head Trauma in Infants and Children in Japan. Experts have since backtracked on the science used in part to win his conviction. Pediatr Radiol. Sarmiento, C.A., Wyrwa, J.M., Chambliss, A.V., et al. Sherief, S.T., Dhoot, A.S., Schwartz, S., et al. Vinchon, M.,Noul, N., Karnoub, M.A. The Association Between Maternal Shaking Behavior and Inappropriate Infant Parenting: The Japan Environment and Children's Study. Most cases of shaken baby syndrome happen when a parent or caregiver gets frustrated because a baby won't stop crying. Diagnostic testing for and detection of physical abuse in infants with brief resolved unexplained events. Radiographics. A Cost Analysis of a Validated Screening Tool for Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma. This is a Healthy People 2030 Leading Health . August 2018. A Biomechanical Assessment of Shaken Baby Syndrome: What About the Spine? Sometimes a baby who seems healthy dies during sleep. Factors Associated With Referral of Children With a Femur Fracture to a Social Worker by an Orthopedist for Suspected Child Abuse. January 2020. Choudhary AK, Suarez PD, Binenbaum G, et al. The diagnosis and management of abusive head injuries in infancy in Egypt. An In-Depth Analysis of Brain and Spine Neuroimaging in Children with Abusive Head Trauma: Beyond the Classic Imaging Findings. Utility of three-dimensional and reformatted head computed tomography images in the evaluation of pediatric abusive head trauma. A changing history: When is it a red flag for child abuse? Narang SK, Estrada C, Greenberg S, Lindberg DM. July 2018. SIDS rates vary substantially within racial/ethnic groups across . Amick, M., Bentivegna, K., Hunter, A.A., et al. February 2021. Inj Prev. February 2022. Singer, T., Warner, C., Mehl, S., et al. July 2021. Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society. Bullinger, L.S., Klika, B., Feely, M., et al. Raj, A., Christian, C.W., Binebaum, G., et al. Child Maltreatment. Parental attachment and emotional intelligence mediates the effect of childhood maltreatment on callous-unemotional traits among incarcerated male adolescents. Laurent-Vannie, A., Bernard, J.Y., & Chevignard, M. Child Abuse Review. Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma Prevention Initiatives: A Literature Review. Characteristics of rib fractures in young abused children. June 2019. Combatting misinformation about abusive head trauma: AAP endorses new report. American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Other children have seizure disorders, developmental, or mental delays. May 2021. Laurent-Vannier A & Chevignard M. Archives de Pediatrie. Ophthalmological lesions in shaken baby syndrome: a retrospective analysis of 133 consecutive cases (1992-2018). November 2022. However, SIDS deaths can happen anytime during a baby's first year. September 2019. A cluster randomized trial to reduce missed abusive head trauma in pediatric intensive care settings. Cheon, J.E., & Kim, J.H. The role of the pediatric neurosurgeon in abusive head injuries: a survey of members of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. March 2022. Elsa Sanchez, 21, was arrested on September 29, 2021 in connection to the March 8, 2021 death of her infant son, Daquan Vaughan-Sanchez inside her apartment. Clinical Characteristics and Nonconvulsive Seizures in Young Children with Abusive Head Trauma, Nonaccidental Trauma is an Independent Risk Factor for Mortality Among Injured Infants, Identifying Child Abuse Fatalities During Infancy. Deaths charts and numbers based on gender, race, age, disease and cause of death. Abusive Head Trauma in Infants and Children. May 2022. Feb. 2018. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Yamaoka, Y., Obikane, E., Isumi, A., et al. Syndrome, and Abusive Head Trauma Texas A&M Extension Online Available at Characterization of subdural collections in initial neuroimaging of abusive head trauma: Implications for forensic age diagnostics and clinical decision-making. Infant mortality rate continues to be one of the most widely used indicators of the overall health status of a community. Evaluation of nonaccidental trauma in infants presenting with skull fractures: a retrospective review. Hendrix AD, Conway LK, & Baxter MA. Peace, A.E., Caruso, D., Agala, C.B., et al. April 2022. Keywords: autopsy; death; shaken baby syndrome. Obry, S., Roman, E., Tavernier, E., et al. July 2018. Sat 18 Sep 2021 16.00 EDT Last modified on Sat 18 Sep 2021 16.01 EDT. Abusive Head Trauma and Mortality - An Analysis From an International Comparative Effectiveness Study of Children With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. May 2018 [epub ahead of print]. Boop S, Axente M, Weatherford B, Klimo P Jr. J Neurosurg Pediatr. Retinal haemorrhage in infants with pertussis. Characterization of subdural collections in initial neuroimaging of abusive head trauma: Implications for forensic age diagnostics and clinical decision-making. Davies, F. Emergency Medicine Journal. Evaluations for abuse in young children with subudral hemorrhages: findings based on symptom severity and benign enlargment of the subarachnoid spaces. Child Abuse & Neglect. The Eye in Pediatric Systemic Disease. October 2020. Inter-rater reliability of physical abuse determinations in young children with fractures. Narang SK. Child Abuse & Neglect. Narang SK, Paul SR. Pediatrics. Comparison of abusive head trauma versus non-inflicted subdural haematoma in infants: A retrospective cohort study. Costine-Bartelle B, McGuone D, Price G. et al Journal of Neurotrauma. Doswell, A., Anderst, J., Tieder, J.S., et al. Are Complex Skull Fractures Indicative of Either Child Abuse or Major Trauma in the Era of 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography. Traumatic axonal injury: neuropathological features, postmortem diagnostic methods, and strategies. Journal of Family Violence. The American Academy of Pediatrics. June 2021. June 2020. Oct 2016. March 2018. Richey, L., Li, T., & Rilling, J.K. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology. Prevalence and distribution of occult fractures on skeletal surveys in children with suspected non-accidental trauma imaged or reviewed in a tertiary Dutch hospital. Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology. The detection of significant fractures in suspected infant abuse. Trauma to the head tears blood vessels that run along the surface of the brain. Barr RG, Barr M, Rajabali F, et al. Child's Nervous System. Pediatrics: September 2010, Sandeep Narang. Early Diagnosis of Abusive Head Trauma to Avoid Repetitive Shaking Events. Prevention of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Use of Safe Sleeping Practices for Children of All Ages : . Emergency Medicine Journal, BMJ. January 2019. 2022 Health of Those Who Have Served Report. But the Court of Criminal Appeals stopped his death, sending the case back to the trial court for further review after the scientific consensus on shaken baby syndrome shifted. Spiller LR, Kellogg ND, Mercado-Deane MG, et al. Utility of pediatric fast magnetic resonance imaging protocol as surveillance scanning for traumatic brain injury. Short Falls inChildhoodOccasionally Cause Major Brain Injuries Because of Unusual Circumstances. Child Abuse & Neglect. Consensus statement on abusive head trauma in infants and young children. Amagasa S, Uematsu S, & Tsuji S. Journal of Neurosurgery. Utility of pediatric fast magnetic resonance imaging protocol as surveillance scanning for traumatic brain injury. Oh A, Olson LD, & Chern JJ. Pediatric Radiology. May 2018 [epub ahead of print]. Some children develop cerebral palsy or some continue to live in a persistent vegetative state. Classic Metaphyseal Lesions among Victims of Abuse. November 2022. [Epub ahead of print]. July 2022. Hymel KP, Laskey AL, Crowell KR, et al. Although the cause is unknown, it appears that SIDS might be associated with defects in the portion of an infant's . The 30 clock hours of annual training are exclusive of any requirements for the licensing Pre-application Course, first-aid and CPR training, and transportation safety training. Clinical Pediatrics. Journal of Forensic Legal Medicine 2015. July 2018. If this happens to a healthy baby younger than 1 year old, it's called sudden infant death syndrome or SIDS. November 2022. Journal of Pediatrics. Shah, Y.S., Iftikhar, M., Justin G.A., et al. November 2017. Head biomechanics of video recorded falls involving children in a childcare setting. A Cost Analysis of a Validated Screening Tool for Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma. Christian CW and Levin AV. American Journal of Roentgenology. April 2018. July 2021. Throwing the baby out with the bath water - response to the Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU) report on traumatic shaking. Child Abuse & Neglect. Pediatric abusive head trauma: ThinkFirst national injury prevention foundation. An evidence-based method for targeting an abusive head trauma prevention media campaign and its evaluation. Preventing Shaken Baby Syndrome: Evaluation of a Multiple-Setting Program. [epub ahead of print]. Akie, T.E., Gupta, M., Rodriguez, R.M., et al. May 2020. The Role of Social Determinants of Health in Child Mortality and Survival Following Abusive Head Trauma. Abusive head trauma in India: imaging raises the curtain. Feb. 2018 [Epub ahead of print]. July 2022. Knox BL, Rorke-Adams LB, Luyet FM. August 2022. Last year, 37 children in Harris County died from child abuse, Olguin said. Impact sites representing potential bruising locations associated with bed falls in children. Journal of Neurology. Thackeray, J.D., Crichton, K.G., McPherson, P., et al. SIDS occurs when a baby dies of unexpected reasons, usually while sleeping, before reaching age 1. Costine-Bartell, B., Price, G., Shen, J., et al. February 2017. et al. July 2019. In 1995, Texas law makers formed the State Child Fatality Review Team (SCFRT) Committee. . Trends in public interest in child abuse in the United States: An infodemiology study of Google Trends from 2004 to 2022. Byard, R.W., & Tan, L. Acta Pediatrica. July 2022. Joseph, B., Sakran, J., Obaid, O., et al. Gise R, Truong T, Poulsen DM, et al. Zhang, S., Xu, Y., Hong, J.S., et al. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Khan NR, Fraser BD, Nguyen V, et al. Effect of a Protocol to Reduce Radiographic Imaging in Pediatric Patients With Suspected Fractures. Prevalence of Abuse Among Young Children With Rib Fractures. Shanahan, M.E., Austin, A.E., Durrance, C.P., et al. Pediatric Neurology. In Vivo Demonstration of Traumatic Rupture of the Bridging Veins in Abusive Head Trauma. Governale LS, Brink FW, Pluta CP, et al. June 2020. Davison, M.A, Button, K.D., Benzel, E.C., et al. Bartschat S1, Richter C2, Stiller D2, Banschak S3. Child Abuse & Neglect. Universal Child Care as a Policy to Prevent Child Maltreatment. January 2022. Retinal Haemorrhages in Childhood Encephalopathies: Review of a Prospective Research Programme. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. Pediatric Skull Fractures Contacting Sutures: Relevance in Abusive Head Trauma. Mimics of child abuse: Can choking explain abusive head trauma. This can cause pooled blood to push on the brain. Child Abuse & Neglect. If, for example, a toddler was pushed against a wall or toward the ground, they could suffer trauma. April 2019. Menna, G., Tamburrini, G., & Bianchi, F. Child's Nervous System. Joyce T and Huecker MR. StatPearls. Charting the Globe: How Technologies Have Affected Our Understanding of Retinal Findings in Abusive Head Trauma/Shaken Baby Syndrome. This can cause bruising of the brain (cerebral . December 2017 [Epub ahead of print]. "The leading cause of death was . Shaken baby dies at 35: Court records indicate that Terry McKirchy lived in this Hollywood, Fla., home in July 1984, when she is accused of violently shaking 5-month-old Benjamin Dowling while . Early developmental, behavioral, and quality of life outcomes following abusive head trauma in infants. A review of current imaging techniques used for the detection of occult bony fractures in young children suspected of sustaining non-accidental injury. May 2018 (updated). Pediatric abusive head trauma and stroke. Effect of a Protocol to Reduce Radiographic Imaging in Pediatric Patients With Suspected Fractures. August 2018. September 2022. Journal of Child Neurology. Eight-year outcome of implementation of abusive head trauma prevention. An unusual blunt force trauma pattern and mechanism to the cranial vault: Investigation of an atypical infant homicide. Journal of Pediatrics. Nadarasa J, Deck C, Meyer F, et al. Long-term visual outcomes following abusive head trauma with retinal hemorrrhage. Postmortem computed tomography plus forensic autopsy for determining the cause of death in child fatalitiesSpeelman, A.C., Engel-Hills, P.C., Martin, L.J., et al. Puls, H.T., Chung, P.J., & Anderson, C. Journal of Pediatrics. 1. September 2022. Pathology of Permiacular Folds due to Vitreoretinal Traction in Abusive Head Trauma. Neuropathology and Ophthalmological Pathology of Fatal Central Nervous System Injuries in Young Children: Forensic Neuropathology of Deaths of Children Under Age 2, 20082016, in Central Missouri. Gjerde, H., & Mantagos, I.S. Why admitted cases of AHT make a low quality reference standard: A survey of people accused of AHT in France. January 2023. January 2021. Berthold, O., Jud, A., Jarczok, M, et al. Memorandum Opinion and Order on the United States' Motion in Limine for Daubert Ruling Regarding the Admissibility and Scope of Defendant's Proposed Expert Witness. Yet the scientific bases of the diagnosis are increasingly coming under question. [Epub ahead of print]. April 2021. Diagnostic testing for and detection of physical abuse in infants with brief resolved unexplained events. July 2018. A Biomechanical Assessment of Shaken Baby Syndrome: What About the Spine? [Epub ahead of print]. An evidence-based method for targeting an abusive head trauma prevention media campaign and its evaluation. Child Abuse & Neglect. Pediatrics. A review on clotting disorders and retinal hemorrhages: Can they mimic abuse? Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics. A Retrospective Study of Cervicla Spine MRI Findings in Children with Abusive Head Trauma. Neuropathology and Ophthalmological Pathology of Fatal Central Nervous System Injuries in Young Children: Forensic Neuropathology of Deaths of Children Under Age 2, 20082016, in Central Missouri. Anderst JD, Carpenter SL, Presley R. et al. Pediatric Radiology. Journal of Pediatric Emergency Care. Acad Pediatr. In 2018, in two separate Gold Coast homes, . About 1,360 babies died of SIDS in 2017, the last year for which such statistics are available. Differences BetweenViral Meningitis and Abusive Head Trauma. August 2019. September 2015. Fracture Patterns Differ Between Osteogenesis Imperfecta and Routine Pediatric Fractures. Ophthalmological lesions in shaken baby syndrome: a retrospective analysis of 133 consecutive cases (1992-2018). Financial Impact of Abusive Head Trauma to Age 17. Eismann, E.A., Theuerling, J., & Makoroff, K.L. The neuroimaging mimics of abusive head trauma. Chi Ho, C.W., Suk Man, L.G., Mei Mui, L.M., et al. Pediatrics. January 2023. Abusive head trauma follows witnessed infant shaking. Risk Factors for Maltreatment in Siblings of Abused Children. Overturned abusive head trauma and shaken baby syndrome convictions in the United States: Prevalence, legal basis, and medical evidence. Skin Lesions and Other Associated Findings in Children with Abusive Head Trauma, Ophthalmologic Concerns in Abusive Head Trauma, Subdural Hematoma Rebleeding in Relation to Abusive Head Trauma. Biomarkers in Moderate to Severe Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury-A Review of the Literature. 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